Countries commonly request a clear United Nations Security Council mandate before committing troops to international peacekeeping or stabilization forces.
November 02, 2025
high
policy
A UN Security Council mandate is often regarded as a legal and political prerequisite for multilateral troop deployments.
The government of the People's Republic of China considers Taiwan a breakaway province and maintains that Taiwan may be retaken by force if necessary.
October 30, 2025
high
temporal
China's stated position on Taiwan's sovereignty and the potential use of force.
The United States and Trinidad and Tobago maintain longstanding military-to-military cooperation that includes joint training exercises, visits by U.S. naval vessels to Trinidad and Tobago, and collaborative activities aimed at countering transnational crime and providing humanitarian assistance.
October 27, 2025
high
contextual
Describes durable bilateral defense cooperation practices between the two countries.
Russian leadership has indicated that the supply of long-range Tomahawk cruise missiles to Ukraine would be treated as a red line and could further damage relations between Moscow and Washington.
October 16, 2025
high
political
Characterizes Russia's diplomatic stance toward external provision of long-range strike weapons to Ukraine.
United States policy has long sought the 'complete, verifiable and irreversible dismantling' of North Korea's nuclear weapons program.
October 11, 2025
high
descriptive
Longstanding U.S. objective regarding DPRK nuclear disarmament.
North Korea asserts that it should be accepted as a nuclear weapons state and has conditioned resuming dialogue with the United States on Washington's willingness not to attempt to deprive North Korea of its nuclear arsenal.
October 11, 2025
high
descriptive
North Korea's stated negotiating position regarding its nuclear capability and diplomacy.
A 2025 peace proposal by U.S. President Donald J. Trump envisions Israel withdrawing its troops from Gaza after Hamas disarms, the deployment of an international security force, placing Gaza under international governance, and oversight of that governance by Donald J. Trump and former U.K. Prime Minister Tony Blair.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
Core elements described in a proposed plan intended to end the conflict in Gaza.
Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority country and does not have formal diplomatic relations with Israel.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
Describes Indonesia's demographic status and diplomatic relationship status with Israel.
Sudan signed a U.S.-brokered Abraham Accords declaration in January 2021, but subsequent internal political unrest prevented efforts to formalize diplomatic relations with Israel.
January 01, 2021
high
temporal
Describes Sudan's 2021 declaration status and the effect of internal unrest on formalization.
The Abraham Accords are diplomatic agreements under which some Arab and Muslim-majority countries normalized relations with Israel, including Bahrain, Morocco, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates.
September 15, 2020
high
temporal
Description of the purpose and initial participant countries of the Abraham Accords.
In 2020 Nick Schifrin received the American Academy of Diplomacy’s Arthur Ross Media Award for Distinguished Reporting and Analysis of Foreign Affairs.
January 01, 2020
high
award
Individual award recognizing reporting and analysis in foreign affairs.
The United Arab Emirates and Israel established formal diplomatic relations through a normalization agreement in 2020.
January 01, 2020
high
temporal
The article notes the UAE had struck a diplomatic recognition deal with Israel in 2020 (diplomatic normalization).
The Abraham Accords were first signed in 2020 to broker normalization of relations between Israel and some Arab neighbors.
January 01, 2020
high
temporal
The Abraham Accords are a diplomatic framework for normalizing ties between Israel and certain Arab states.
The United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Morocco formalized relations with Israel under the Abraham Accords in 2020.
January 01, 2020
high
temporal
These three countries established formal diplomatic relations with Israel as part of the Abraham Accords process.
The Abraham Accords were a signature foreign-policy initiative of U.S. President Donald Trump's first administration (2017–2021).
January 20, 2017
high
temporal
Characterization of the Abraham Accords within U.S. foreign policy during Trump's first term.
In 1994, Ukraine relinquished its nuclear weapons as part of the Budapest Memorandum, a set of security assurances tied to that denuclearization.
December 05, 1994
high
historical
Describes the 1994 Budapest Memorandum linking Ukrainian denuclearization to security assurances.
Security assurances that are not formal treaties generally lack a detailed legal layout of obligations and do not carry the same legal weight or requirement for legislative (Congressional) approval that treaty-based security guarantees have.
December 05, 1994
high
legal
Distinguishes non-treaty security assurances from treaty-based guarantees in terms of legal detail and domestic legislative backing.
In July 1994 the United Nations passed a resolution authorizing the use of military force to restore democracy in Haiti.
July 01, 1994
high
temporal
UN authorization provided international legal basis for a multinational intervention in Haiti in 1994.
Kazakhstan has maintained diplomatic relations with Israel since 1992.
January 01, 1992
high
temporal
Baseline diplomatic relationship start year between Kazakhstan and Israel.
The United Nations Charter of 1945 prohibits the acquisition of territory by force, forming the basis of the international norm that borders should not be changed by force.
October 24, 1945
high
temporal
International legal principle commonly invoked in diplomatic statements about territorial integrity.
The 1938 Munich Pact (Munich Agreement) is historically regarded as an act of appeasement toward Nazi Germany and is commonly cited as a failed policy of appeasement by British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain toward Adolf Hitler.
September 30, 1938
high
temporal
Widely referenced historical example of appeasement in diplomatic history.
States that host the political leadership of a non-state armed group can provide that group with political and diplomatic cover, and withdrawing hosting or diplomatic support can be used as leverage against the group.
high
general
Describes a durable diplomatic mechanism whereby states hosting groups influence their political standing.
Sharm el-Sheikh is a coastal city in Egypt that hosts international summits and conferences.
high
geographic
Geographic description and typical use as a venue for international meetings.
Potential contributing countries commonly decline to commit troops to peacekeeping or stabilization forces when those troops might be expected to engage in combat against non-state armed groups such as Hamas or to act on behalf of another state's military objectives.
high
contextual
A recurring political and operational constraint on multinational troop contributions to stabilization missions.
The United States' one-China policy recognizes Taiwan as part of China while the United States maintains relations with Taiwan.
high
temporal
Describes the U.S. one-China policy as characterized in the article.
The United States' stated position is that it 'does not support' Taiwan independence, while China has sought U.S. adoption of language stating it 'opposes' Taiwan independence.
high
temporal
Contrasts U.S. and Chinese diplomatic language regarding Taiwan independence.
United States administrations, both Republican and Democratic, have maintained a policy commonly known as 'strategic ambiguity' on Taiwan, which involves avoiding a clear public commitment about whether the U.S. would use military force to defend Taiwan in the event of a Chinese attack.
high
policy
Describes the long-standing U.S. approach to deterrence and crisis signaling regarding Taiwan.
Bahrain, Morocco, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates joined the Abraham Accords and normalized diplomatic relations with Israel.
high
diplomatic
Countries that normalized relations with Israel as part of the Abraham Accords.
The Abraham Accords are a diplomatic initiative associated with the normalization of relations between Israel and several Muslim-majority countries and were a prominent element of U.S. President Donald Trump's first term.
high
political
Describes the nature and political association of the Abraham Accords.
Peace proposals in armed conflicts may include conditions such as territorial concessions, significant reductions in the size of a state's armed forces, and relinquishment or restrictions on certain types of weaponry.
high
process
Describes typical types of terms that can appear in negotiated settlement proposals for armed conflicts.
Diplomatic settlement proposals can be drafted or negotiated by external parties without the direct participation of the state most affected by the proposed terms.
high
process
Refers to situations where third parties develop or present terms for resolving a conflict without including primary stakeholders.