The IsraelâHezbollah war began on October 8, 2023, following a Hamas attack on southern Israel and subsequent rocket fire by Hezbollah into Israel.
November 19, 2025
high
temporal
Provides the start date and immediate precipitating actions for the most recent IsraelâHezbollah war.
Proposals for an international stabilization force in Gaza have included provisions calling for Gaza to be demilitarized and for Hamas to be disarmed.
November 16, 2025
high
temporal
Demilitarization and disarmament have been recurring elements in proposals for international involvement in Gaza security arrangements.
Some Israeli political leaders assert that establishing a Palestinian state would reward or empower Hamas and could result in a Hamas-governed entity on Israel's borders.
November 16, 2025
high
temporal
This argument is a recurring rationale used by certain Israeli policymakers who oppose Palestinian statehood on security grounds.
As of 2025-11-07, Hamas had returned the bodies of 22 hostages since the start of the Israel-Hamas ceasefire that began on 2025-10-10.
November 07, 2025
high
temporal
Number of hostage remains returned during the ceasefire
Convincing Hamas militants to lay down their weapons is a central challenge of President Donald Trump's Gaza peace plan.
November 06, 2025
high
policy
Describes a core objective and difficulty within the stated components of the Gaza peace plan associated with President Trump.
Providing amnesty to Hamas fighters is broadly opposed by many members of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's hard-right coalition.
November 06, 2025
high
political-position
Summarizes a political stance within the Israeli governing coalition regarding amnesty for members of an armed group.
The Gaza Health Ministry, part of the Hamas-run government and staffed by medical professionals, maintains detailed records that independent experts view as generally reliable.
November 04, 2025
high
organizational
Describes the role and perceived reliability of Gaza's Health Ministry in recording casualties.
Under the 2025 U.S.-brokered ceasefire between Israel and Hamas, exchanges have involved Israel releasing the remains of approximately 15 Palestinians for each Israeli hostage returned.
November 04, 2025
high
policy
Describes the exchange ratio applied during the 2025 ceasefire arrangement.
The Hamas-led attack on Israel in 2023 killed about 1,200 people and resulted in approximately 251 people being taken hostage.
November 02, 2025
high
statistical
Casualty and hostage figures describing the scale of the Hamas-led 2023 attack that triggered the subsequent conflict.
Gaza's Ministry of Health is run by Hamas.
October 29, 2025
high
administrative
Description of the administrative control of Gaza's Ministry of Health.
In 2025, the United States sought support from allies, especially Gulf Arab nations, to create an international stabilization force for Gaza and to train and equip Palestinian police forces in Gaza that are not affiliated with Hamas.
October 23, 2025
high
temporal
U.S. policy objectives for post-conflict stabilization and security-sector development in Gaza.
The Gaza Strip is governed by Hamas (commonly described as a 'Hamas-ruled territory').
October 21, 2025
high
temporal
Describes the de facto governing authority of Gaza as referenced in reporting on the Gaza-Israel situation.
As of 2025, Hamas had exercised de facto governance over the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian population there for nearly 20 years.
October 18, 2025
high
temporal
Describes duration of Hamas's governance in Gaza as noted in reporting context.
A 2025 ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas included terms calling for Hamas to disarm and transfer governance of Gaza to a technocratic, apolitical Palestinian committee responsible for day-to-day public services and municipalities.
October 18, 2025
high
policy
Summarizes the governance and disarmament provisions specified in the ceasefire agreement.
By 2025, reporting characterized the IsraelâHamas conflict referenced in the article as a two-year war.
October 18, 2025
high
temporal
Provides the reported duration of the IsraelâHamas war as of 2025.
As of 2025-10-18, the remains of 13 deceased hostages taken during the October 7, 2023 attacks had not been returned by Hamas.
October 18, 2025
high
temporal
Quantifies the number of deceased hostages whose remains had not been returned following the October 7, 2023 attacks.
Hamas has advocated forming a 'community support committee' composed of independent figures to act as a governing body in Gaza and has called for the Israeli military to complete its withdrawal from Gaza.
October 17, 2025
high
organizational_position
Stated organizational demands concerning governance and military withdrawal in Gaza.
Hamas and the Red Cross have stated that recovering the remains of deceased hostages in heavily damaged conflict zones is challenging because extensive destruction hampers access and because some remains may be located in areas controlled by opposing forces.
October 15, 2025
high
contextual
Describes general obstacles to recovering remains in heavily damaged conflict areas, as reported in relation to Gaza.
Hamas is a Palestinian militant group.
October 14, 2025
high
general
Descriptive identification of the organization involved in the IsraelâGaza conflict.
Hamas' heavy weapons are primarily rockets and missiles, which the group distinguishes from smaller firearms it describes as guns for self-defense.
October 14, 2025
high
descriptive
Characterization of the types of weaponry commonly described as 'heavy weapons' versus small arms in discussions about disarmament or weapons handover.
As of 2025-10-14, multiple local clans and militia networks in the Gaza Strip â including the Abu Shabab clan, the Doghmush clan, the Mujaida clan, and elements tied to the Hellis network â were reported to recruit fighters and engage in sporadic armed resistance against Hamas without holding stable territory.
October 14, 2025
high
temporal
Describes organized local armed groups in Gaza and their patterns of resistance and territorial control.
Proposals have been made to establish safe zones and a transitional governing body in Gaza to provide civilians unaffiliated with Hamas access to food, aid, protection, and coordinated local security.
October 14, 2025
medium
temporal
Conceptual governance and protection measures advanced by Gaza-based activists and local actors to organize security and aid distribution in areas outside Hamas control.
In 2025, the Gaza Health Ministry, which is part of the Hamas-run government, reported that more than 67,000 Palestinians had been killed during the conflict and stated that around half of the dead were women and children.
October 13, 2025
high
statistical
Casualty figures and demographic composition reported by the Gaza Health Ministry.
Hamas is a Gaza-based terrorist group.
October 13, 2025
high
definition
Descriptive identification of the organization commonly referenced in reporting about the IsraelâGaza conflict.
Hamas in Gaza and Hezbollah in Lebanon are widely described as proxies of Iran.
October 12, 2025
high
temporal
Common geopolitical characterization of the relationships between Iran and the two militant groups.
Hamas's October 7, 2023 attack on Israel sparked the subsequent war between Israel and Hamas.
October 10, 2025
high
temporal
Identifies the initiation event and date commonly cited as the trigger for the multi-year conflict.
Ceasefire frameworks between Israel and Hamas can include mutual exchanges in which hostages held in Gaza are released and Palestinian prisoners held by Israel are returned.
October 10, 2025
high
contextual
Describes a common structure of negotiated ceasefire/hostage-release agreements between the parties.
Gaza's Health Ministry is part of the Hamas-run government.
October 10, 2025
high
contextual
Organizational affiliation of the ministry responsible for reporting Gaza casualty figures
The ceasefire in Gaza that began on 2025-10-10 includes a requirement that Hamas return all remains of hostages in Gaza as soon as possible.
October 10, 2025
high
temporal
Provision of the ceasefire agreement between parties in the IsraelâGaza conflict.
The planned next phases of the ceasefire that began on 2025-10-10 included provisions addressing the disarmament of Hamas, deployment of an international security force in Gaza, and decisions about who would govern the territory.
October 10, 2025
high
agreement
Key substantive issues slated for later stages of the ceasefire implementation.
A U.S.-brokered ceasefire between Israel and Hamas took effect on 2025-10-10.
October 10, 2025
high
temporal
Date when the truce entered into force between the parties in the Israel-Hamas war.
During the 2025 U.S.-brokered ceasefire between Israel and Hamas that began on 2025-10-10, Israel released the remains of approximately 15 Palestinians for each hostage returned.
October 10, 2025
high
statistic
Quantified exchange ratio applied as part of prisoner/remains exchange arrangements during the 2025 ceasefire.
Under the ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas that began on 2025-10-10, Israel agreed to release 15 Palestinian bodies for the remains of each Israeli hostage.
October 10, 2025
high
temporal
Term of the U.S.-brokered ceasefire agreement governing exchanges of remains between Israel and Hamas.
The U.S.-brokered ceasefire agreement's initial phase required Hamas to return all Israeli hostage remains promptly and tied progression to subsequent phases to the complete return of Israeli hostage remains.
October 10, 2025
high
temporal
Design of the ceasefire agreement's phased implementation.
Israel and the Palestinian Islamist movement Hamas are principal armed parties involved in recurring conflicts over the Gaza Strip.
October 09, 2025
high
political
Describes the primary actors commonly involved in hostilities and negotiations concerning Gaza.
By October 2025, the Israel-Hamas war that began in October 2023 had lasted two years and had resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of Palestinians and widespread destruction, displacement, and famine in parts of the Gaza Strip.
October 09, 2025
high
temporal
Summary of humanitarian and human cost outcomes attributed to the two-year conflict in Gaza.
A 2025 plan calls for Hamas and allied factions to relinquish any governing role in Gaza, disarm and hand over weapons in a decommissioning process overseen by independent monitors, and for a temporary 'International Stabilization Force' organized by the United States with Arab nations and other countries to deploy, train vetted Palestinian police forces, and act as a longer-term internal security force with responsibilities including securing border areas.
October 09, 2025
high
policy
Describes proposed security, disarmament, and stabilization measures in the 2025 plan.
The Trump peace plan envisions Israeli withdrawal of troops from the Gaza Strip after Hamas disarms and the deployment of an international security force in Gaza.
October 08, 2025
high
policy
Describes proposed sequencing of security and troop withdrawal measures in the plan.
Hamas has historically resisted disarmament and has opposed the idea of international administration of Gaza.
October 08, 2025
high
political_position
Characterizes long-standing positions of the Hamas movement regarding disarmament and external governance.
As of 2025, Hamas was designated as a terrorist organization by the United States, the European Union, and several other Western countries.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
International designations of Hamas by major Western governments and organizations.
The Gaza Strip's Ministry of Health is administered by Hamas.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
Organizational affiliation of the local health authority in the Gaza Strip.
As of 2025-10-07, Gazaâs Health Ministry reported 67,160 Palestinian deaths and nearly 170,000 wounded in the war in Gaza; the ministry stated it does not differentiate between civilians and combatants and that more than half of the deaths were women and children, and the ministry is part of the Hamas-run government; the United Nations and many independent experts consider the ministryâs figures to be the most reliable estimate of wartime casualties.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
Official casualty reporting and assessments of reliability for wartime figures in Gaza.
A 2025 peace proposal by U.S. President Donald J. Trump envisions Israel withdrawing its troops from Gaza after Hamas disarms, the deployment of an international security force, placing Gaza under international governance, and oversight of that governance by Donald J. Trump and former U.K. Prime Minister Tony Blair.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
Core elements described in a proposed plan intended to end the conflict in Gaza.
A 2025 U.S. proposal for Gaza (commonly described as the 'Trump plan') called on Hamas to release all Israeli hostages, relinquish governance and arms in Gaza, and in return proposed that Israel end hostilities, release Palestinian prisoners, and place Gaza under interim international governance.
October 07, 2025
high
policy
Summary of the main policy elements attributed to the 2025 U.S. proposal for Gaza.
Hamas has functioned as the governing authority of the Gaza Strip.
October 07, 2025
high
definition
Political status of Hamas in Gaza.
Donald Trump's 2025 20-point peace plan requires all hostages, both dead and alive, to be returned within 72 hours of Hamas signing the deal.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
Describes a specific provision of a proposed peace plan referenced in coverage of negotiations tied to the IsraelâHamas conflict.
Donald Trump's 2025 20-point peace plan calls for Israeli forces to withdraw their troops and for the complete disarmament (demilitarization) of Hamas.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
Describes additional core provisions of the same proposed peace plan aimed at ending hostilities and addressing armed groups.
The White House's 2025 20-point proposal for Gaza included an immediate end to hostilities once both sides accept, a pullback of Israeli forces to a designated 'initial line' inside Gaza to allow hostage handovers, and suspension of military operations during those transfers.
October 06, 2025
high
policy
Elements of a proposed ceasefire framework
The White House's 2025 20-point proposal specified that all 48 hostages, living and deceased, would be returned within 72 hours of both sides publicly accepting the agreement.
October 06, 2025
high
temporal
Proposed timeline for hostage returns in the ceasefire framework
A U.S. 20-point peace plan (2025) proposes that all hostages, dead and alive, be returned within 72 hours after Hamas agrees to the deal; the plan calls for Israeli military withdrawal, the complete disarmament of Hamas, amnesty for Hamas members in exchange for disarmament, and an option for disarmed members to leave Gaza for third-party countries willing to accept them.
October 06, 2025
high
temporal
Core provisions summarized from the U.S. 20-point peace blueprint referenced in 2025.
Egypt and Qatar serve as mediators in indirect negotiations between Israel and Hamas, shuttling between the parties to facilitate talks.
October 06, 2025
high
procedural
Describes recurring diplomatic roles used to facilitate IsraelâHamas negotiations.
Negotiations between Israel and Hamas commonly include arrangements to exchange or release Israeli hostages held by Hamas and Palestinian political prisoners held by Israel.
October 06, 2025
high
procedural
Describes a durable negotiation component involving detainees and hostages in IsraelâHamas talks.
When the leadership echelon of an armed group is degraded or communications are disrupted, decentralized or multiple armed actors can complicate centralized control and communication, which can make coordinated, full hostage releases difficult and lead to staged or phased releases as logistics permit.
October 05, 2025
high
operational
Describes how group fragmentation and multiple armed actors affect the practicality and sequencing of hostage releases.
A 2025 U.S. peace plan specified that Hamas would release 48 remaining hostages, about 20 of whom were believed to be alive, within three days.
October 05, 2025
high
statistical
Key numerical terms outlined in the U.S. proposal for resolving the hostage issue.
A 2025 U.S. peace plan proposed that Hamas would give up power in Gaza and disarm as part of a settlement.
October 05, 2025
high
policy
Proposed governance and disarmament conditions included in the U.S. framework.
A 2025 U.S. peace plan linked a hostage release to a reciprocal exchange involving Palestinian prisoners held by Israel.
October 05, 2025
high
policy
The proposed exchange mechanism connecting hostages and prisoners was a central element of the plan.
As of 2025-10-04, the Gaza Health Ministry reported that more than 67,000 Palestinians had been killed during the Gaza war that began with Hamas' October 7, 2023 attack.
October 04, 2025
high
statistical
Casualty estimate reported by the Gaza Health Ministry covering the period since the Oct. 7, 2023 attacks.
A 2025 peace proposal from President Donald Trump was structured as a 20-point plan aimed at ending the Gaza conflict and securing the release of hostages.
September 29, 2025
high
policy
Description of the overall goals and structure of the 2025 U.S.-brokered peace proposal for Gaza.
The 2025 Trump peace proposal called for an end to Israel's military operations in Gaza, the disarmament of Hamas, and the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip under a Palestinian governing body overseen by a U.S.-led international coalition.
September 29, 2025
high
policy
Specific policy elements and implementation framework described in the 2025 peace proposal.
President Donald Trump unveiled a 20-point peace plan on 2025-09-29 that proposed granting amnesty to Hamas members who disarm, designating Gaza as a deradicalized 'terror-free zone', and redeveloping Gaza to reduce security threats to neighbors and residents.
September 29, 2025
high
temporal
Summary of major components of a publicly announced peace proposal intended to address the Gaza conflict.
The Hamas-run Gaza Ministry of Health does not distinguish between civilians and combatants when reporting casualty figures.
September 29, 2025
high
contextual
Describes the methodology used by the Gaza Ministry of Health for casualty reporting.
Diplomatic intermediaries such as Egypt and Qatar commonly serve as conduits to convey proposals and communications between the United States and non-state armed groups during ceasefire negotiations.
September 29, 2025
high
operational
Use of third-party states as mediators in negotiations involving states and non-state armed groups.
In urban conflict zones, militants concealed in tunnel networks can emerge to attack advancing security forces, which can provoke heavy retaliatory strikes and risk escalating a ceasefire.
September 29, 2025
high
process
Dynamics of tunnel warfare and escalation in contested urban areas.
As of 2025-09-07, the IsraelâHamas conflict had lasted for more than two years.
September 07, 2025
high
temporal
Duration of the ongoing armed conflict between Israel and Hamas.
Egypt, Qatar, and Turkey have served as mediators in indirect negotiations between Israel and Hamas.
September 07, 2025
high
diplomatic
Third-party states facilitating talks between Israel and Hamas.
United States administrations deploy envoys and diplomatic channels to facilitate negotiations between Israel and Hamas, including efforts aimed at securing hostage releases and ceasefires.
September 07, 2025
high
political
U.S. diplomatic practice in managing or mediating aspects of the IsraelâHamas conflict.
The Gaza ceasefire framework proposed by U.S. President Donald Trump in 2025 specifies a Phase Two that calls for Hamas demobilization and demilitarization, followed by efforts to deradicalize Gaza's population.
July 30, 2025
high
temporal
Policy elements from the Gaza ceasefire framework outlined by U.S. President Donald Trump in 2025.
As of 2025, Hamas had governed the Gaza Strip for approximately 17 years.
March 26, 2025
high
temporal
Duration of Hamas rule in Gaza as a background fact about local governance.
Hamas and other militant groups in the Gaza Strip have used underground tunnel networks and vertical shafts to move militants and to conduct attacks against Israeli forces.
January 19, 2025
high
temporal
Describes a recurring tactic attributed to militant groups operating in Gaza.
The term "yellow line" is used to denote a boundary separating Israeli-controlled and Hamas-controlled areas within the Gaza Strip.
January 01, 2025
high
definition
Label used to describe an internal boundary within Gaza between areas under different control.
In November 2023, the U.S. Agency for International Development Office of the Inspector General designated preventing U.S. assistance from falling into the hands of foreign terrorist organizations, including Hamas, as an investigative priority.
November 01, 2023
high
temporal
USAID OIG set priorities to safeguard U.S.-funded humanitarian assistance from diversion to designated terrorist groups.
The IsraelâHezbollah war began on 2023-10-08, after a Hamas attack on southern Israel and subsequent Hezbollah rocket fire in solidarity.
October 08, 2023
high
temporal
Describes the start date and immediate catalysts of the IsraelâHezbollah war.
The proposed plan specified that Hamas would release the remaining hostages taken on October 7, 2023 within 72 hours of an agreement, and that Israel would release 250 Palestinians serving life sentences plus 1,700 other Gazans detained after the start of the conflict as part of the exchange.
October 07, 2023
high
statistical
Detailed terms for the hostage-prisoner exchange as described within the peace plan.
During the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks on Israel, approximately 1,200 people were killed and about 251 individuals were taken into the Gaza Strip.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Casualty and abduction counts associated with the Oct. 7, 2023 attacks.
The October 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel sparked the war in Gaza.
October 07, 2023
high
historical
This attack is widely cited as the initiating event for the subsequent large-scale conflict in Gaza.
An armed conflict between Israel and Hamas began in 2023 following Hamas' Oct. 7, 2023 attacks.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Provides historical origin of the current IsraelâHamas conflict.
On October 7, 2023, Hamas-led militants attacked southern Israel, killing about 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and abducting 251 hostages, an attack that triggered the subsequent war.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Describes the October 7, 2023 attack that initiated the ongoing IsraelâGaza war.
The Oct. 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel resulted in approximately 1,200 people killed and 251 people taken hostage.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Fatalities and hostage figures reported for the Hamas-led attack on Israel on October 7, 2023.
The Oct. 7, 2023 Hamas attack is the deadliest single day for Jews since the Holocaust.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Comparative assessment of the scale of the Oct. 7, 2023 attack relative to historical atrocities against Jews.
Hamas' October 7, 2023 terrorist attack on Israel killed approximately 1,200 people and resulted in 251 people being taken hostage and brought into Gaza.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Background statistics on the initial Hamas attack that sparked the IsraelâGaza war.
Of the 251 people taken hostage into Gaza during Hamas' October 7, 2023 attack, 148 were either freed as part of previous ceasefire agreements or rescued by Israeli forces, and the bodies of 57 hostages were returned or recovered, according to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Status breakdown of individuals taken hostage in the October 7, 2023 attack.
A Hamas attack on Israel on 2023-10-07 killed about 1,200 people, many of them civilians.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
This event is widely reported as the initiation of the current major IsraelâHamas hostilities.
The Gaza war began with a surprise attack by Hamas on southern Israel on 2023-10-07 that killed nearly 1,200 people, mostly Israeli civilians.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Describes the initiating attack and immediate casualty toll.
Hamas launched an attack into Israel on October 7, 2023.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
This attack is widely cited as the trigger for the subsequent Israel-Hamas war that began in October 2023.
Israel launched an offensive in the Gaza Strip in response to the October 7, 2023 Hamas attack.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
The offensive followed the October 7, 2023 attack and led to sustained military operations in Gaza.
The Oct. 7, 2023 Hamas attack killed approximately 1,200 people and resulted in about 251 people being taken hostage.
October 07, 2023
high
statistical
Casualty and hostage figures associated with the Hamas attack on Oct. 7, 2023.
Hamas-led militants launched a surprise attack on southern Israel on 2023-10-07 in which about 1,200 people, mostly civilians, were killed and 251 were taken hostage.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Initial attack that triggered the 2023 IsraelâHamas war.
A surprise attack by Hamas-led militants on southern Israel on 2023-10-07 killed approximately 1,200 people (mostly civilians) and resulted in about 251 people being taken hostage.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Background summary of the attack that initiated the 2023 IsraelâHamas war.
The IsraelâHamas war began on October 7, 2023, when Hamas-led militants carried out an attack that triggered the conflict.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Background on the onset of the recent IsraelâGaza conflict.
The war between Israel and Hamas began on 2023-10-07 with an attack by Hamas-led militants.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Start date and initiating attack of the IsraelâHamas war referenced in the article.
Hamas' October 7, 2023 attack on Israel resulted in approximately 1,200 people killed and 251 people kidnapped.
October 07, 2023
high
historical
Background on the origin of the 2023â2025 IsraelâGaza war
On October 7, 2023, an attack by Hamas on Israel killed approximately 1,200 people and marked the start of the Gaza war.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Date and casualty estimate commonly cited as the initiation of the 2023 Gaza war.
The IsraelâHamas war began with Hamas's attack on October 7, 2023.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Identifies the initiating event and date of the IsraelâHamas war.
Hamas's October 7, 2023 attack included a large-scale mass hostage-taking of Israelis.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Describes a major characteristic of the October 7, 2023 attack.
On 2023-10-07, attacks by Hamas against Israel resulted in deaths and abductions along the Gaza border.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Background context for subsequent hostage and remains issues stemming from the October 7, 2023 attacks.
The 2023-10-07 attack on southern Israel resulted in hostages being taken by Palestinian militants and triggered the subsequent Israel-Hamas war.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
The attack date commonly cited as the initiation of the current large-scale conflict between Israel and Hamas.
Approximately 250 people were taken hostage during the October 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack, including about a dozen U.S. nationals.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Aggregate hostage count and nationality breakdown from the October 7, 2023 attack.
Special West Bank security provisions imposed by Israel after the Hamas-led attacks of October 7, 2023 classify stone-throwing as a serious criminal offense and define it as throwing an object, including a stone, or acting in concert to do so.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Describes the legal characterization and definition of stone-throwing under special security provisions enacted after the October 7, 2023 attacks.
Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip in June 2007.
June 14, 2007
high
historical
Historical change in governing authority over the Gaza Strip.
Hamas's governing apparatus in the Gaza Strip includes ministries such as an Interior Ministry and a National Security Ministry.
June 14, 2007
high
organizational
Description of institutional components of Hamas's administration in Gaza.
In 2007, Hamas expelled the Palestinian Authority (PA) and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from the Gaza Strip after a civil conflict that separated Gaza from the West Bank.
January 01, 2007
high
temporal
Historical split between Gaza and the West Bank governance structures.
A peace plan proposed by U.S. President Donald Trump called for Hamas to free all remaining hostages and for the Israeli military to begin withdrawing from parts of Gaza in phases; the plan also proposed transferring parts of Gaza to a "technocratic" Palestinian committee and deploying a temporary security force backed by Arab states.
high
policy
Summary of the main governance and security components described in the peace plan.
Indirect negotiations between Israel and Hamas have been mediated by the United States, Qatar, and Egypt.
high
general
Describes typical mediators involved in indirect IsraelâHamas negotiations.
Hamas has historically rejected demands that it disarm and that it have no role in the governance of Gaza.
high
general
Summarizes Hamas's longstanding stance on disarmament and governance in Gaza.
Hamas is designated as a terrorist organization by the United States, Israel, and many other countries.
high
status
Designation of Hamas as a terrorist organization by multiple states is a durable status used in diplomatic and legal contexts.
A proposed ceasefire and prisoner-exchange framework attributed to U.S. President Donald Trump included releasing 48 remaining Israeli hostages (about 20 of whom were described as believed to be alive) in exchange for the release of hundreds of Palestinian prisoners, including about 250 serving life sentences and approximately 1,700 detainees from Gaza who were arrested after the October 7, 2023 attack, and envisioned handing over control of Gaza to a technocratic international body.
high
policy
This describes the core components and numerical elements of the ceasefire/prisoner-exchange proposal as presented publicly.
Hamas maintains an underground tunnel network in the Gaza Strip that is used for movement, shelter, and storage.
high
general
Describes durable insurgent infrastructure used in Gaza
Hostage-and-prisoner exchange deals have been used between Israel and Hamas as a mechanism to secure the release of captives.
high
general
Describes a recurring mechanism in IsraeliâHamas conflict dynamics
Negotiations to end hostilities in Gaza commonly prioritize initial arrangements for hostage and prisoner exchanges, an initial Israeli military withdrawal, and a cessation of hostilities, while more complex issues such as disarming Hamas and the future governing structure of Gaza are typically deferred to later negotiation phases.
high
process
Describes a typical sequencing of issues in Gaza-related ceasefire or de-escalation negotiations.
Regional states such as Egypt and Qatar have acted as mediators in ceasefire negotiations between Israel and Hamas.
medium
process
Describes a recurring mediation role played by regional actors in Israeli-Palestinian ceasefire talks.
The Gaza Health Ministry is administratively controlled by Hamas in the Gaza Strip.
high
descriptive
Describes the administrative control of Gaza's health ministry.
Hamas is an ideological Palestinian organization with elements that adhere to an extremist jihadist ideology.
high
descriptive
Describes the ideological character of Hamas as an organization.
Hamas and similar militant organizations that control territory can operate police forces or enforcement units to maintain order and assert control over civilians.
high
descriptive
General pattern of governance and control used by armed groups in territories they dominate.
President Trump's 20-point plan for Gaza included a requirement that Hamas hand over 20 living hostages and the bodies of 28 deceased hostages before the next phase of a cease-fire.
high
policy
Specified terms for a cease-fire and hostage exchange in a negotiated plan attributed to President Trump.
Hamas has deployed armed security forces throughout the Gaza Strip following the withdrawal of Israeli troops.
high
process
Deployment of internal security elements by an armed group in a territory after an opposing force withdrew.
Hamas has held both living and deceased hostages in Gaza.
high
contextual
Describes the nature of hostage detentions attributed to Hamas in Gaza.
Israeli hostage negotiator Gershon Baskin said that Hamas has ruled the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip for almost 20 years.
high
attribution
Statement attributing a characterization of Hamas's governance duration in Gaza.
Gershon Baskin said that Hamas has a long-standing pattern of punishing Palestinians suspected of collaborating with Israel.
high
attribution
Characterization of Hamas's treatment of suspected collaborators as reported in the article.
Gershon Baskin said that, during the war, Israel armed Palestinian militia groups opposed to Hamas with weapons and money and that some of those groups had been involved in activities such as drug selling and illegal smuggling.
high
attribution
Description of an asserted policy of arming Palestinian militias as an alternative to Hamas.
The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine is a paramilitary organization that has fought alongside Hamas.
high
contextual
Describes the DFLP's role and alliances in regional armed conflicts.
Qatar, Egypt, and Turkey have served as critical intermediaries in negotiations involving Hamas.
high
general
These states have acted as channels or mediators between Hamas and other negotiating parties in ceasefire and hostage-negotiation contexts.
Negotiated agreements between Israel and Hamas can include provisions for Hamas to release hostages and for Israel to withdraw its forces to an agreed-upon line.
high
general
Hostage release and territorial or force-positioning arrangements are common components of exchange or ceasefire deals between the parties.
Hamas is described in reporting as a terrorist group.
high
definition
Descriptive classification of the organization used in news reporting.
The Ezzedine Al-Qassam Brigades is the armed wing of Hamas.
high
descriptive
Identifies the military wing associated with the Palestinian Islamist organization Hamas.
The Qassam Brigades is the armed wing of Hamas.
high
contextual
Organizational relationship within Palestinian militant groups
Qatar, Egypt, and Turkey can serve as intermediary states in negotiations with Hamas and have been used as critical channels for communicating with Hamas negotiators.
high
procedural
Refers to common diplomatic role of these states as intermediaries in negotiations involving Hamas.
Potential contributing countries commonly decline to commit troops to peacekeeping or stabilization forces when those troops might be expected to engage in combat against non-state armed groups such as Hamas or to act on behalf of another state's military objectives.
high
contextual
A recurring political and operational constraint on multinational troop contributions to stabilization missions.
Birzeit University's student council has been dominated by the Hamas-affiliated Al-Wafaa bloc dating back to the 1990s, with reported student council election victories including in 2022 and 2023.
high
temporal
Summary of the historical dominance of the Al-Wafaa bloc in Birzeit University student council elections.
Under a U.S.-brokered ceasefire deal, Hamas released all living Israeli hostages in exchange for nearly 2,000 Palestinian prisoners and wartime detainees.
high
temporal
Summarizes the exchange terms of a negotiated ceasefire between Hamas and Israel.
Hamas agreed to hand over the remains of 28 deceased Israeli hostages but reported that some remains could not be located or retrieved due to destruction caused by the war in Gaza.
high
temporal
Describes a stated obligation and stated practical difficulty regarding recovery of deceased hostages' remains.
Iran has provided funding and arms to proxy groups such as Hamas, Hezbollah, and the Houthis as a means of extending influence and conducting proxy warfare.
high
security
Describes a durable pattern of state support for nonstate armed groups.
The Gaza Health Ministry is part of the Hamas-run government and maintains detailed casualty records.
high
institutional
Describes the institutional role and recordkeeping of Gaza's health authority.
Hamas is an Islamist Palestinian political and militant organization.
high
categorical
General description of Hamas as an organization.
Cease-fires between Israel and Hamas have been punctuated by occasional eruptions of deadly violence even when both sides state they are committed to maintaining the truce.
high
temporal
Describes a recurring pattern in the dynamics of cease-fires between Israel and Hamas.