Ceasefire agreements in the IsraelāGaza context can include a demarcation line (often referred to as a 'yellow line') that leaves Gaza's border zone under the control of the Israel Defense Forces while areas beyond the line are designated as a safe zone.
November 22, 2025
high
descriptive
Describes structural terms commonly included in ceasefire arrangements between Israeli forces and Gaza authorities.
Humanitarian aid deliveries to Gaza are routed along designated roads that cross the ceasefire demarcation line into the territory.
November 22, 2025
medium
descriptive
Describes a logistics characteristic of aid access into Gaza in the context of ceasefire demarcations.
Ceasefires in the IsraelāGaza conflict have been punctuated by retaliatory strikes following reported attacks against Israeli forces.
November 22, 2025
medium
process
Summarizes a recurring pattern in which reported incursions or attacks during ceasefires have led to military responses.
In 2025, the U.N. Security Council approved a resolution that authorizes an international stabilization force for Gaza with a mandate to ensure the permanent decommissioning of weapons from non-state armed groups and authorizes the force to use "all necessary measures" to carry out its mandate in compliance with international law.
November 18, 2025
high
temporal
Summary of the operational and disarmament provisions included in the 2025 U.N. Security Council resolution regarding postwar Gaza security arrangements.
The 2025 U.N. Security Council resolution approves a transitional authority called the "Board of Peace" to oversee postwar Gaza affairs and envisions a possible future path to an independent Palestinian state.
November 18, 2025
high
temporal
Description of governance arrangements proposed by the 2025 resolution for Gaza.
Proposals for an international stabilization force in Gaza have included provisions calling for Gaza to be demilitarized and for Hamas to be disarmed.
November 16, 2025
high
temporal
Demilitarization and disarmament have been recurring elements in proposals for international involvement in Gaza security arrangements.
Gaza had a population of over 2 million people in 2025.
November 15, 2025
high
demographic
Baseline population size for the Gaza Strip.
According to the United Nations, the Muwasi tent camp in Gaza was sheltering up to 425,000 displaced Palestinians in 2025, with the vast majority living in makeshift temporary tents.
November 15, 2025
high
statistical
Scale of internal displacement and use of makeshift shelters in a major tent camp.
Forensic identification work in Gaza is complicated by a shortage of DNA testing kits available in the territory.
November 10, 2025
high
technical
Describes a logistical constraint affecting forensic identification of remains in Gaza.
Forensic identification efforts in Gaza have been complicated by a shortage of DNA testing kits.
November 04, 2025
high
operational
Describes a practical constraint affecting identification of recovered remains.
The U.S.-operated Civil-Military Coordination Center (CMCC) is used to support stabilization efforts in Gaza and to facilitate coordination of humanitarian and security assistance.
November 03, 2025
high
operational
Describes the stated operational role of a U.S.-operated coordination center in the Gaza context.
Palestinian militants released the remains of 17 hostages that had been held in Gaza for about two years, as of 2025-11-01.
November 01, 2025
high
temporal
Count of returned remains of people described as hostages during the post-October 2023 period.
A stated operational focus for the International Stabilization Force (ISF) is securing Gaza's borders with Israel and Egypt and preventing arms smuggling.
October 30, 2025
high
operational
Describes the security objectives attributed to the proposed force.
Under former President Donald Trump's 20-point plan, deployment of the International Stabilization Force (ISF) is presented as a condition for Israel's further withdrawal from roughly 50% of Gaza's territory that Israel still holds.
October 30, 2025
high
policy
Describes a conditional linkage in a stated political plan between ISF deployment and Israeli territorial withdrawal in Gaza.
As of October 28, 2025, 15 deceased hostages had been returned from Gaza under a ceasefire, and in exchange Israel had handed back 195 Palestinian bodies to Gaza.
October 28, 2025
high
temporal
Counts of bodies exchanged between parties during the ceasefire process.
In 2025, the United States sought support from allies, especially Gulf Arab nations, to create an international stabilization force for Gaza and to train and equip Palestinian police forces in Gaza that are not affiliated with Hamas.
October 23, 2025
high
temporal
U.S. policy objectives for post-conflict stabilization and security-sector development in Gaza.
The World Bank, the United Nations, and the European Union estimated in 2025 that rebuilding Gaza would cost about $53 billion.
October 23, 2025
high
temporal
A multi-institution estimate of the financial requirements for large-scale reconstruction in Gaza after major conflict-related destruction.
Israel requires international nongovernmental organizations operating in Gaza and the West Bank to re-register under new criteria that include approval by a committee which includes representatives from Israel's Ministry for Diaspora Affairs and Combating Antisemitism.
October 21, 2025
high
temporal
Describes a policy requirement governing INGOs' legal authorization to operate in Gaza and the West Bank.
In 2025, the Trump administration stated opposition to Israeli annexation of the West Bank and warned that potential annexation could threaten peace efforts related to Gaza.
October 21, 2025
high
temporal
Summarizes a U.S. administration policy position regarding territorial annexation and its perceived impact on peace processes.
Nuseirat is a Palestinian refugee camp located in central Gaza.
October 19, 2025
high
temporal
Geographic designation of Nuseirat within the Gaza Strip.
As of 2025, the international advocacy group Reporters Without Borders reported that more than 220 journalists and media workers had been killed in Gaza since the war started.
October 19, 2025
high
statistical
This is a cumulative casualty count of journalists and media workers in Gaza reported by Reporters Without Borders.
A fully reopened Rafah border crossing would facilitate Gaza residents traveling internationally, seeking medical treatment abroad, or visiting family in Egypt.
October 18, 2025
high
temporal
Describes typical functions and potential impacts of reopening an international border crossing for Gaza residents.
As of 2025-10-18, all living hostages taken into Gaza during the October 7, 2023 attacks had been released and were out of Gaza.
October 18, 2025
high
temporal
Status update on living hostages related to the October 7, 2023 attacks.
The concept of an international stabilization force (ISF) in the Trump administration's plan envisions deploying international forces in parts of Gaza to permit further withdrawal by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).
October 17, 2025
high
policy
A proposed mechanism for security and stabilization during a transition of control in Gaza.
Hamas has advocated forming a 'community support committee' composed of independent figures to act as a governing body in Gaza and has called for the Israeli military to complete its withdrawal from Gaza.
October 17, 2025
high
organizational_position
Stated organizational demands concerning governance and military withdrawal in Gaza.
The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics reported in 2025 that more than 11,000 people were missing in Gaza.
October 15, 2025
high
temporal
Official missing-persons estimate reported by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics for the Gaza area.
Israeli officials stated in 2025 that 600 aid trucks per day would be permitted to enter Gaza under the terms of the U.S.-brokered peace plan.
October 15, 2025
high
statistical
Describes a numerical aid-permission parameter associated with a U.S.-brokered peace plan.
Hamas and the Red Cross have stated that recovering the remains of deceased hostages in heavily damaged conflict zones is challenging because extensive destruction hampers access and because some remains may be located in areas controlled by opposing forces.
October 15, 2025
high
contextual
Describes general obstacles to recovering remains in heavily damaged conflict areas, as reported in relation to Gaza.
Proposals have been made to establish safe zones and a transitional governing body in Gaza to provide civilians unaffiliated with Hamas access to food, aid, protection, and coordinated local security.
October 14, 2025
medium
temporal
Conceptual governance and protection measures advanced by Gaza-based activists and local actors to organize security and aid distribution in areas outside Hamas control.
By 2025, the war had displaced about 90% of Gaza's approximately 2 million residents.
October 13, 2025
high
temporal
Scale of internal displacement in Gaza during the conflict as reported in 2025.
President Donald Trump's Middle East peace plan proposes that Gaza be transformed into a de-radicalized, terror-free zone that does not pose a threat to neighboring countries.
October 13, 2025
high
policy
Describes an objective included in a proposed plan for addressing the Gaza conflict.
Aid trucks entering Gaza from Egypt are routed to an inspection area at the Kerem Shalom crossing for screening by Israeli troops.
October 12, 2025
high
procedural
Describes the inspection process for cross-border humanitarian deliveries into Gaza.
Humanitarian aid trucks entering Gaza have carried medical supplies, tents, blankets, food, and fuel.
October 12, 2025
high
descriptive
Typical contents reported in cross-border humanitarian convoys into Gaza.
Khan Yunis is a city located in the southern part of the Gaza Strip.
October 12, 2025
high
geographical
Khan Yunis is an urban center in the southern Gaza Strip.
A U.N. independent commission determined in 2025 that Israel committed genocide in Gaza.
October 10, 2025
high
temporal
Finding reported by a U.N. independent commission regarding alleged violations during the Gaza conflict.
The ceasefire in Gaza that began on 2025-10-10 includes a requirement that Hamas return all remains of hostages in Gaza as soon as possible.
October 10, 2025
high
temporal
Provision of the ceasefire agreement between parties in the IsraelāGaza conflict.
The planned next phases of the ceasefire that began on 2025-10-10 included provisions addressing the disarmament of Hamas, deployment of an international security force in Gaza, and decisions about who would govern the territory.
October 10, 2025
high
agreement
Key substantive issues slated for later stages of the ceasefire implementation.
A ceasefire that began on 2025-10-10 established a yellow-line boundary in Gaza that leaves the border zone under the control of Israel's military and designates the area beyond that line as a safe zone.
October 10, 2025
high
temporal
Describes the territorial arrangement defined by the ceasefire agreement.
During the ceasefire that began on 2025-10-10, Israeli military forces have conducted strikes in Gaza in response to reported incursions or attacks against Israeli-held positions.
October 10, 2025
high
temporal
Describes a recurring operational pattern observed during the ceasefire period.
By October 2025, the Israel-Hamas war that began in October 2023 had lasted two years and had resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of Palestinians and widespread destruction, displacement, and famine in parts of the Gaza Strip.
October 09, 2025
high
temporal
Summary of humanitarian and human cost outcomes attributed to the two-year conflict in Gaza.
A 2025 plan promoted by U.S. President Donald Trump proposes that Gaza be initially governed by a temporary committee of technocrats, including qualified Palestinians and international experts, responsible for running public services.
October 09, 2025
high
policy
Describes a proposed interim governance model for Gaza within a 2025 peace plan.
A 2025 plan proposes creating an international transitional body called the 'Board of Peace' to supervise the temporary Gaza governing committee and to be headed and chaired by U.S. President Donald Trump.
October 09, 2025
high
policy
Describes proposed international oversight and leadership arrangements in the 2025 plan.
A 2025 plan states that Palestinians in Gaza would be allowed to remain in Gaza and that those who wish to leave would be free to do so and free to return.
October 09, 2025
high
policy
Describes proposed population movement and residency rights in the 2025 plan.
A 2025 plan calls for Hamas and allied factions to relinquish any governing role in Gaza, disarm and hand over weapons in a decommissioning process overseen by independent monitors, and for a temporary 'International Stabilization Force' organized by the United States with Arab nations and other countries to deploy, train vetted Palestinian police forces, and act as a longer-term internal security force with responsibilities including securing border areas.
October 09, 2025
high
policy
Describes proposed security, disarmament, and stabilization measures in the 2025 plan.
Hamas has historically resisted disarmament and has opposed the idea of international administration of Gaza.
October 08, 2025
high
political_position
Characterizes long-standing positions of the Hamas movement regarding disarmament and external governance.
Israel's retaliatory military campaign following the October 2023 attack resulted in tens of thousands of Palestinian deaths and caused extensive devastation in Gaza as of 2025-10-08.
October 08, 2025
high
temporal
This summarizes reported casualty scale and physical destruction in Gaza during the multi-year IsraelāHamas conflict.
As of 2025-10-08, Israeli military actions during the Gaza war had reportedly resulted in the deaths of more than 67,000 Palestinians.
October 08, 2025
high
temporal
Cumulative reported death toll for Palestinians during the Gaza war.
The Gaza Strip has a population of more than 2 million; during the Gaza war many residents were repeatedly displaced and large numbers were concentrated in tent encampments in southern Gaza near the border with Egypt.
October 08, 2025
high
temporal
Population size and patterns of displacement and concentration in southern Gaza during the conflict.
As of 2025, Gaza's Ministry of Health reported that more than 67,000 people had died in the Gaza war, with nearly one-third of the fatalities being children.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
Official casualty estimate reported by Gaza's Ministry of Health during the multi-year Gaza conflict.
A 2025 peace proposal by U.S. President Donald J. Trump envisions Israel withdrawing its troops from Gaza after Hamas disarms, the deployment of an international security force, placing Gaza under international governance, and oversight of that governance by Donald J. Trump and former U.K. Prime Minister Tony Blair.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
Core elements described in a proposed plan intended to end the conflict in Gaza.
A 2025 U.S. proposal for Gaza (commonly described as the 'Trump plan') called on Hamas to release all Israeli hostages, relinquish governance and arms in Gaza, and in return proposed that Israel end hostilities, release Palestinian prisoners, and place Gaza under interim international governance.
October 07, 2025
high
policy
Summary of the main policy elements attributed to the 2025 U.S. proposal for Gaza.
Hamas has functioned as the governing authority of the Gaza Strip.
October 07, 2025
high
definition
Political status of Hamas in Gaza.
The White House's 2025 20-point proposal for Gaza included an immediate end to hostilities once both sides accept, a pullback of Israeli forces to a designated 'initial line' inside Gaza to allow hostage handovers, and suspension of military operations during those transfers.
October 06, 2025
high
policy
Elements of a proposed ceasefire framework
The White House's 2025 20-point proposal specified that all 48 hostages, living and deceased, would be returned within 72 hours of both sides publicly accepting the agreement.
October 06, 2025
high
temporal
Proposed timeline for hostage returns in the ceasefire framework
Local health officials reported in 2025 that more than 67,000 people in Gaza had been killed in the conflict since October 7, 2023, equivalent to approximately one in every 34 Gazans.
October 06, 2025
high
statistical
Casualty estimate attributed to local Gaza health authorities covering the period since the Oct. 7, 2023 attack.
A United Nations commission concluded in 2025 that Israel had committed genocide against Palestinians in Gaza.
October 06, 2025
high
report_finding
Finding reported by a U.N. commission concerning actions in Gaza during the 2023ā2025 conflict period.
A U.S. 20-point peace plan (2025) proposes that all hostages, dead and alive, be returned within 72 hours after Hamas agrees to the deal; the plan calls for Israeli military withdrawal, the complete disarmament of Hamas, amnesty for Hamas members in exchange for disarmament, and an option for disarmed members to leave Gaza for third-party countries willing to accept them.
October 06, 2025
high
temporal
Core provisions summarized from the U.S. 20-point peace blueprint referenced in 2025.
Maritime aid flotillas have been used to attempt to break the Israeli siege or blockade of Gaza.
October 06, 2025
high
conflict
Activists have organized flotillas aiming to deliver aid or challenge restrictions on access to Gaza.
Reuters reported that Hamas-run Gaza health authorities claimed that Israel's military campaign had resulted in over 67,000 deaths in Gaza, mostly civilians, in 2025.
October 06, 2025
medium
statistical
Reported casualty figure attributed to Gaza health authorities and cited by Reuters.
As of 2025-10-04, the Gaza Health Ministry reported that more than 67,000 Palestinians had been killed during the Gaza war that began with Hamas' October 7, 2023 attack.
October 04, 2025
high
statistical
Casualty estimate reported by the Gaza Health Ministry covering the period since the Oct. 7, 2023 attacks.
President Donald Trump unveiled a 20-point peace plan on 2025-09-29 that proposed granting amnesty to Hamas members who disarm, designating Gaza as a deradicalized 'terror-free zone', and redeveloping Gaza to reduce security threats to neighbors and residents.
September 29, 2025
high
temporal
Summary of major components of a publicly announced peace proposal intended to address the Gaza conflict.
The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization and the United Nations Satellite Centre estimated that 1.5% of Gaza cropland was available for cultivation (assessment dated Aug. 9, 2025).
August 09, 2025
high
statistical
Estimated share of agricultural land in Gaza suitable for cultivation during the ongoing crisis.
The Gaza ceasefire framework proposed by U.S. President Donald Trump in 2025 specifies a Phase Two that calls for Hamas demobilization and demilitarization, followed by efforts to deradicalize Gaza's population.
July 30, 2025
high
temporal
Policy elements from the Gaza ceasefire framework outlined by U.S. President Donald Trump in 2025.
Under Point Nine of the 2025 Gaza ceasefire framework proposed by U.S. President Donald Trump, Gaza is to be placed under a temporary technocratic administration led by an apolitical Palestinian committee composed of qualified Palestinians and international experts.
July 30, 2025
high
temporal
Administrative arrangement for Gaza described within the 2025 ceasefire framework.
A United Nations Satellite Centre (UNOSAT) preliminary analysis estimated that 78% of structures in Gaza were damaged or destroyed (analysis dated July 8, 2025).
July 08, 2025
high
statistical
Estimated proportion of buildings in Gaza that were damaged or destroyed during the conflict.
The United Nations estimated in July 2025 that the Israel-Hamas war generated approximately 61 million tons of debris in Gaza.
July 01, 2025
high
temporal
An estimate of physical destruction in Gaza used for planning debris removal and reconstruction efforts.
The Rafah border crossing between Gaza and Egypt has been closed since May 2024 after Israel took control of the Gaza-side terminal.
May 01, 2024
high
temporal
Status and cause of the Rafah crossing closure beginning in May 2024.
Forensic identification work in Gaza is impeded by a shortage of DNA testing kits.
October 10, 2023
high
operational
Explains a practical constraint on identifying remains in Gaza.
The proposed plan specified that Hamas would release the remaining hostages taken on October 7, 2023 within 72 hours of an agreement, and that Israel would release 250 Palestinians serving life sentences plus 1,700 other Gazans detained after the start of the conflict as part of the exchange.
October 07, 2023
high
statistical
Detailed terms for the hostage-prisoner exchange as described within the peace plan.
During the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks on Israel, approximately 1,200 people were killed and about 251 individuals were taken into the Gaza Strip.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Casualty and abduction counts associated with the Oct. 7, 2023 attacks.
Israel launched an offensive in the Gaza Strip in response to the October 7, 2023 Hamas attack.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
The offensive followed the October 7, 2023 attack and led to sustained military operations in Gaza.
Before the October 2023 war, the Rafah border crossing between Gaza and Egypt was the only Gaza crossing not controlled by Israel.
October 07, 2023
high
temporal
Describes control status of Gaza border crossings prior to the 2023 outbreak of war.
A peace plan proposed by U.S. President Donald Trump called for Hamas to free all remaining hostages and for the Israeli military to begin withdrawing from parts of Gaza in phases; the plan also proposed transferring parts of Gaza to a "technocratic" Palestinian committee and deploying a temporary security force backed by Arab states.
high
policy
Summary of the main governance and security components described in the peace plan.
Hamas has historically rejected demands that it disarm and that it have no role in the governance of Gaza.
high
general
Summarizes Hamas's longstanding stance on disarmament and governance in Gaza.
A proposed ceasefire and prisoner-exchange framework attributed to U.S. President Donald Trump included releasing 48 remaining Israeli hostages (about 20 of whom were described as believed to be alive) in exchange for the release of hundreds of Palestinian prisoners, including about 250 serving life sentences and approximately 1,700 detainees from Gaza who were arrested after the October 7, 2023 attack, and envisioned handing over control of Gaza to a technocratic international body.
high
policy
This describes the core components and numerical elements of the ceasefire/prisoner-exchange proposal as presented publicly.
Negotiations to end hostilities in Gaza commonly prioritize initial arrangements for hostage and prisoner exchanges, an initial Israeli military withdrawal, and a cessation of hostilities, while more complex issues such as disarming Hamas and the future governing structure of Gaza are typically deferred to later negotiation phases.
high
process
Describes a typical sequencing of issues in Gaza-related ceasefire or de-escalation negotiations.
Gaza is a Palestinian territory.
high
contextual
Describes the political status of Gaza as referenced in discussions about the IsraelāGaza conflict.
Cease-fire negotiations commonly include defining lines for troop withdrawals, arrangements for the release of prisoners or hostages, and the delineation of control over border crossings such as the Rafah crossing between Egypt and Gaza.
high
procedural
Describes typical components and negotiation points in cease-fire agreements involving armed parties and external mediators.
In some Israeli communities near Gaza, residents often used mamad safe rooms as bedrooms because they might have as little as 15 seconds to reach shelter in the event of a rocket barrage.
high
descriptive
Short warning times for incoming rockets have influenced how people arrange living spaces, including sleeping in fortified safe rooms to ensure rapid sheltering.
A comprehensive post-conflict plan for Gaza typically includes assembling an international stabilization force, fully demilitarizing and disarming armed groups, addressing insurgents, and arranging a phased but complete Israeli withdrawal.
high
procedural
Commonly recommended components for stabilizing a territory after hostilities.
Key principles often cited for Gaza reconstruction and governance include preventing any platform for terrorism, avoiding annexation, avoiding occupation, and prohibiting forced population transfers, with the objective of creating conditions for a credible pathway to a Palestinian state.
high
policy
Normative principles used to guide post-conflict arrangements and political goals in the Gaza context.
Hamas has held both living and deceased hostages in Gaza.
high
contextual
Describes the nature of hostage detentions attributed to Hamas in Gaza.
Post-conflict peace plans for Gaza commonly include components addressing disarmament, troop pullback, reconstruction, and post-war governance.
high
general
Multi-point peace or transition plans typically cover security (disarmament and troop movements), rebuilding infrastructure, and interim or long-term governance arrangements.
The Rafah border crossing connects the Gaza Strip and Egypt.
high
contextual
International border crossing between Gaza and Egypt
Gaza has a population of more than 2 million people.
high
demographic
Baseline population magnitude relevant to humanitarian needs in the Gaza territory.
Qatar has played a significant role in negotiating ceasefires and mediating peace efforts related to the Gaza conflict.
high
contextual
Describes Qatar's recurring role as a third-party mediator in negotiations and ceasefire agreements involving Gaza.
As part of the ceasefire arrangement, Israel pulled back its troops to a designated line within Gaza, halted its military offensive, and increased delivery of aid into the territory.
high
temporal
Describes military and humanitarian measures taken by Israel under the terms of a ceasefire agreement.
Hamas agreed to hand over the remains of 28 deceased Israeli hostages but reported that some remains could not be located or retrieved due to destruction caused by the war in Gaza.
high
temporal
Describes a stated obligation and stated practical difficulty regarding recovery of deceased hostages' remains.
The ICRC has historically overseen exchanges of remains and has served as one of the few channels of communication between adversaries during active conflicts, including exchanges in conflicts involving Israel and armed groups in Gaza and Lebanon.
high
historical
Describes a recurring role the ICRC has played in past conflicts as a facilitator of exchanges and communications.
The Civil-Military Coordination Center (CMCC) in southern Israel functions as a central hub for coordinating humanitarian, logistical, and security assistance for Gaza and includes an operations floor designed to track real-time developments inside Gaza.
high
descriptive
Describes the CMCC's role and capabilities for coordinating and monitoring aid and stabilization efforts in Gaza.
The 'yellow line' is a designated boundary in Gaza referenced as separating areas of control between Israeli forces and other actors and is used as a reference point for deployments or pullbacks under ceasefire arrangements.
high
definition
The term 'yellow line' is used in discussions of territorial control and ceasefire positioning in Gaza.
Control of the Philadelphi Corridor along the EgyptāGaza border can materially affect the ability to move or smuggle weapons and goods between Egypt and the Gaza Strip.
medium
operational
Border corridor control is commonly cited as influencing smuggling routes and cross-border flows into Gaza.