A 2025 study led by researchers at the University of Copenhagen used a randomized crossover design in which 43 men aged 20â35 each spent three weeks on an ultra-processed diet and three weeks on a minimally processed whole-food diet.
October 16, 2025
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temporal
Study design and participant characteristics from a controlled dietary intervention.
A 2025 University of Copenhagen study found that men consuming an ultra-processed diet gained about 2 pounds (~0.9 kg) of fat mass compared with the minimally processed whole-food diet despite identical calorie, protein, carbohydrate and fat intake.
October 16, 2025
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temporal
Comparative metabolic outcome measured in a controlled feeding trial.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a federally funded food assistance program in the United States.
October 16, 2025
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definition
General definition of SNAP
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is an $8 billion federal program that provides vouchers for infant formula, fresh fruits and vegetables, low-fat milk, and other healthy staple foods.
October 06, 2025
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statistical
Program description and budget scale
A 2015 randomized trial (the LEAP study) found that early introduction of peanut-containing foods to infants substantially reduced the risk of developing peanut allergy and noted lower peanut allergy prevalence among Israeli infants who routinely consumed a peanut snack called Bamba compared with British infants who avoided peanuts.
January 01, 2015
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temporal
Landmark trial linking early peanut exposure in infancy to reduced peanut allergy risk.
A JAMA Psychiatry study of more than 900 adults found that higher soft drink consumption was associated with an approximately 8% greater likelihood of major depression diagnosis and greater symptom severity overall, with a roughly 16% higher risk among women and no significant association among men.
medium
temporal
Cross-sectional analysis relating self-reported soft drink intake, clinical depression diagnosis, and symptom severity with stool microbiome data.
Beneficial gut bacteria tend to thrive on fiber-rich foods and help produce compounds that reduce inflammation and protect the gut lining.
high
temporal
Dietary fiber supports microbial diversity and production of anti-inflammatory metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids.
High dietary sugar intake can trigger systemic inflammation that may affect brain chemistry and influence mood.
high
temporal
Research links excessive sugar consumption to inflammatory processes that can impact neurotransmitter systems and mood regulation.
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), an enzyme abundant in bananas, reacts with oxygen and oxidizes phenolic compounds, causing fruit browning and breaking down flavanols which can reduce their availability for absorption.
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process
Describes the biochemical action of PPO on phenolic compounds and flavanols in fruits.
Flavanols are plant-derived compounds found in foods such as berries, grapes, apples, and cocoa and are associated with benefits for heart and brain health.
high
definition
Defines flavanols and notes commonly cited health associations.
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends a daily intake of approximately 400 to 600 milligrams of flavanols.
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guideline
Dietary intake recommendation for flavanols from a professional nutrition organization.
Ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) is a type of humanitarian food aid used to treat or support malnourished children.
high
definition
RUSF is a commonly used therapeutic/supplementary product in humanitarian responses for child malnutrition.