A 2025 study led by researchers at the University of Copenhagen used a randomized crossover design in which 43 men aged 20â35 each spent three weeks on an ultra-processed diet and three weeks on a minimally processed whole-food diet.
October 16, 2025
high
temporal
Study design and participant characteristics from a controlled dietary intervention.
A 2025 University of Copenhagen study found that men consuming an ultra-processed diet gained about 2 pounds (~0.9 kg) of fat mass compared with the minimally processed whole-food diet despite identical calorie, protein, carbohydrate and fat intake.
October 16, 2025
high
temporal
Comparative metabolic outcome measured in a controlled feeding trial.