Challenges to school policies that regulate student speech commonly invoke the First Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution as the constitutional bases for protecting students' rights.
November 06, 2025
high
constitutional
Constitutional amendments frequently cited in litigation over school speech and related policies.
The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees due process and equal protection under the law.
October 10, 2025
high
constitutional
Fundamental constitutional protections that have been the basis for numerous legal challenges and rulings.
The Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause and the Fifteenth Amendment prohibit racial discrimination in voting and are applied in legal challenges to race-based redistricting.
March 24, 2025
high
constitutional
Courts evaluate whether race-based districting violates equal protection or constitutes impermissible racial discrimination in voting under these constitutional provisions.
The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified on July 9, 1868, contains the Citizenship Clause that addresses birthright citizenship.
July 09, 1868
high
constitutional
The Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment is the constitutional provision underlying claims and disputes about birthright citizenship in the United States.
The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits state actors, including public schools and universities, from denying any person the equal protection of the laws on the basis of race.
July 09, 1868
high
legal
Constitutional protection limiting discriminatory actions by government entities and public institutions.
The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is commonly invoked as the constitutional source of parents' rights to make decisions about their children's care and upbringing.
high
legal
Used by litigants and courts when evaluating claims that government actors interfered with parental decision-making.
Parents may bring legal claims seeking monetary relief under the Fourteenth Amendment when they allege that school policies or personnel interfered with their parental decision-making, including claims for reimbursement of private school tuition, medical expenses, or counseling fees.
medium
legal
Such claims reflect a legal pathway parents use to challenge perceived infringements on parental authority by public schools.
Restrictions on student speech concerning gendered pronouns implicate U.S. constitutional free speech principles under the First Amendment and related Fourteenth Amendment considerations, including disputes over compelled speech and whether permitting such speech would cause substantial disruption in schools.
high
legal
Summarizes recurring legal issues that arise when schools regulate students' gender-related speech.