California Proposition 50 proposes temporarily transferring authority to draw the state's congressional district maps to the California Legislature through 2030, after which authority would return to the independent California Citizens Redistricting Commission.
December 31, 2030
high
temporal
Policy description of the proposed change to who controls congressional redistricting in California and the duration of that temporary transfer.
California Proposition 50 is a ballot measure that would temporarily return authority to draw congressional districts from the state's nonpartisan redistricting commission to the California Legislature, with approved maps scheduled to take effect starting in 2026.
January 01, 2026
high
temporal
Describes the policy change that Proposition 50 would enact regarding who controls congressional map-drawing and when new maps would take effect.
Proponents of California Proposition 50 asserted the measure could result in the creation of five additional Democratic-leaning U.S. House districts.
January 01, 2026
high
temporal
Claims made by supporters about the potential partisan impact of the redistricting change proposed by Proposition 50.
California Proposition 50, as described in the measure, would establish temporary congressional maps to be used for the 2026, 2028, and 2030 U.S. House elections and would have those maps replaced after the 2030 U.S. Census when the California Citizens Redistricting Commission draws new congressional maps.
January 01, 2026
high
temporal
Provisional duration and replacement mechanism for maps under California Proposition 50
In 2025, Zohran Mamdani became the first candidate in more than 50 years to win more than one million votes in a New York City mayoral election.
November 21, 2025
high
temporal
Historical voting milestone in New York City mayoral elections.
In 2025, Zohran Mamdani became New York City's youngest mayor in at least a century.
November 21, 2025
high
temporal
Age-related historical record for holders of the New York City mayoral office.
Justice Democrats is a left-wing political organization that has a history of supporting insurgent primary challengers who unseat establishment Democratic incumbents.
November 20, 2025
high
trend
Justice Democrats is known for recruiting and backing progressive challengers in Democratic primaries.
Progressive activists and candidates increasingly target incumbent Democratic members in primary elections, frequently framing challenges around ideological differences and the incumbents' age.
November 20, 2025
high
trend
Younger progressive challengers often emphasize both policy disagreements and generational change when contesting longtime incumbents.
The Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) engages in supporting primary challenges against incumbent Democratic officeholders.
November 20, 2025
high
organizational
The DSA endorses and backs progressive primary campaigns as part of its electoral strategy.
Progressive political groups have pursued primary challenges against established ('old guard') incumbent House Democrats.
November 20, 2025
high
contextual
Summarizes a recurring strategic pattern in Democratic primary politics where progressive activists target incumbent Democrats.
There is a nationwide trend of younger, more progressive Democrats mounting primary challenges against incumbent Democrats perceived as establishment or 'old school'.
November 17, 2025
high
temporal
Summarizes a political insurgency trend within the Democratic Party.
Marjorie Taylor Greene is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from the state of Georgia.
November 15, 2025
high
descriptive
Current elected-office status of the named individual
Indiana is represented by nine congressional districts in the U.S. House of Representatives.
November 15, 2025
high
structural
State-level allocation of U.S. House seats.
A 2025 NPR/PBS News/Marist poll of 1,443 U.S. adults conducted Nov. 10–13, 2025 found that respondents said they would vote for Democratic congressional candidates over Republican candidates by 55% to 41%.
November 13, 2025
high
temporal
Results from an NPR/PBS News/Marist survey of 1,443 U.S. adults conducted Nov. 10–13, 2025.
In 48 U.S. states, presidential electors are selected to cast their electoral votes for the candidate who won that state's popular vote, while Maine and Nebraska allocate some electoral votes based on congressional district results and others based on the statewide result.
November 10, 2025
high
civic
Explains how most states and the two exceptions allocate electoral votes.
Mid-decade redistricting is the practice in which state governments redraw electoral district maps between decennial censuses, typically to alter partisan composition ahead of upcoming elections.
November 05, 2025
high
definition
General definition and purpose of mid-decade (mid-cycle) redistricting
A 2025 CBS News exit poll found that three in four New York City mayoral voters (approximately 75%) said the cost of housing is a major problem.
November 05, 2025
high
temporal
Exit poll result reporting voter priorities in the New York City mayoral election.
Virginia elected its first female governor, Abigail Spanberger.
November 05, 2025
high
temporal
Historical milestone in Virginia gubernatorial elections.
Zohran Mamdani identifies as a democratic socialist and ran a campaign that advocated far-left progressive policies.
November 05, 2025
high
political_ideology
Characterization of Mamdani's political positioning and campaign platform.
Political campaigns commonly attempt to cast opponents as representing the ideological extremes of their parties to influence voter perceptions.
November 05, 2025
high
political_strategy
A recurring campaign strategy used to shape public opinion about candidates.
U.S. federal district courts can be convened as three-judge panels to hear certain constitutional challenges to redistricting and other matters.
November 05, 2025
high
legal
Statutory and procedural mechanism for adjudicating some high-stakes constitutional claims, including redistricting disputes.
A 2025 Associated Press voter poll of more than 4,000 New Jersey voters found that about 70% of nonwhite voters supported Mikie Sherrill.
November 05, 2025
high
statistical
State-level voter preference results from an Associated Press poll reported in 2025.
The 2025 Associated Press voter poll found that about 90% of Black voters, about 80% of Asian voters, and about two-thirds of Hispanic voters in New Jersey supported Mikie Sherrill, while about 30% of Hispanic voters supported Jack Ciattarelli.
November 05, 2025
high
statistical
Demographic breakdown of voter support in an Associated Press poll of New Jersey voters.
As of 2025-11-04, in 11 of the 12 most recent Virginia gubernatorial elections, the candidate whose party matched that of the sitting U.S. president lost the election.
November 04, 2025
high
temporal
Historical pattern of Virginia gubernatorial election outcomes relative to the incumbent president's party.
As of 2025-11-04, Virginia is one of only two U.S. states that hold gubernatorial elections in the year following a U.S. presidential election.
November 04, 2025
high
temporal
Timing of Virginia's gubernatorial elections relative to the U.S. presidential election cycle.
Virginia is often regarded as a political bellwether for the subsequent year's congressional midterm elections because of its competitive (purple) political landscape and the timing of its gubernatorial election.
November 04, 2025
high
temporal
Virginia's electoral results are frequently used to infer broader national political trends ahead of midterm elections.
Cincinnati's municipal primary for mayoral elections is conducted as an all-party primary.
November 04, 2025
high
procedural
Describes the format of Cincinnati's municipal primary used in mayoral races.
New Jersey schedules its gubernatorial elections in odd-numbered years.
November 04, 2025
high
temporal
Structural detail about the timing of New Jersey's gubernatorial elections.
Gubernatorial campaigns in New Jersey frequently emphasize local issues such as property taxes.
November 04, 2025
high
temporal
Common thematic emphasis in New Jersey gubernatorial races.
In the United States, state legislatures in some states have the authority to enact congressional redistricting maps, enabling legislative majorities to implement maps that favor a particular party.
November 04, 2025
high
procedural
Where legislatures control redistricting, the majority party can draw maps that produce partisan advantages.
Ballot measures can be used to alter or replace existing redistricting mechanisms or congressional district maps.
November 04, 2025
high
procedural
Voters can use ballot initiatives or referenda to change who draws district lines or to approve new maps.
Redistricting can alter political representation by combining geographically and politically distinct areas, a practice commonly described as gerrymandering.
November 04, 2025
high
descriptive
Such map changes can affect partisan balance and the electoral power of different voter groups.
In Miami mayoral elections, if no candidate receives 50% or more of the votes in the initial election, the top two candidates advance to a runoff election.
November 04, 2025
high
temporal
Describes the municipal runoff rule used to determine the winner when no candidate achieves a majority.
Maine's proposed voter identification initiative ('Question 1') would have required voters to present a photo ID for both in-person and absentee voting, limited election drop boxes to one per municipality, and required absentee voters to submit a written application before each election.
November 04, 2025
high
policy
Summary of the specific provisions included in the 2025 Maine voter ID ballot initiative.
Political campaigns commonly use the electoral success of an ideologically distinct candidate to link opposing parties to that candidate's ideology as a strategy to influence voter perceptions.
November 04, 2025
high
process
This is a recurring campaign tactic in which parties highlight a rival candidate's ideology to characterize the broader opposing party.
In the United States, congressional redistricting is typically conducted once every ten years following the decennial U.S. Census.
November 03, 2025
high
general
Describes the regular timing of redistricting in the U.S.
Partisan gerrymandering is the practice of reshaping electoral district boundaries to give a political party's candidates an electoral advantage.
November 03, 2025
high
general
Defines the political strategy behind redrawing district lines for advantage.
California uses a voter-established independent redistricting commission to draw congressional district maps after the decennial U.S. Census.
November 03, 2025
high
general
Describes California's institutional approach to drawing congressional maps.
Justices on the Pennsylvania Supreme Court serve 10-year terms.
November 03, 2025
high
temporal
Length of term for Pennsylvania Supreme Court justices.
Pennsylvania uses retention elections for state Supreme Court justices, in which voters decide whether to award sitting justices another term.
November 03, 2025
high
procedural
Method by which Pennsylvania voters confirm incumbent supreme court justices for additional terms.
Pennsylvania law requires an automatic recount for statewide races when the vote margin is 0.5 percentage points or less.
November 03, 2025
high
procedural
Threshold and procedure for automatic recounts in Pennsylvania statewide elections.
Virginia and New Jersey hold their gubernatorial elections in the year following a U.S. presidential election, and those races are often watched nationally as a barometer of voter sentiment.
November 03, 2025
high
temporal
Off-year gubernatorial elections in these states are used as indicators of broader voter attitudes toward the parties.
Republican presidential candidates carried Virginia in ten consecutive elections from 1968 through 2004, and Democratic presidential candidates carried Virginia in the five presidential elections from 2008 through 2024.
November 03, 2025
high
temporal
Historical presidential voting patterns in Virginia show a long Republican streak followed by a Democratic winning streak in the 21st century.
Between 1965 and 2025, the Virginia governorship changed party control seven times, indicating relatively frequent party turnover in that statewide office.
November 03, 2025
high
temporal
The governorship in Virginia has alternated between parties multiple times over recent decades, suggesting less partisan lock-in for the office.
A 2025 Fox News poll series of New Jersey likely voters showed Mikie Sherrill leading Jack Ciattarelli by 5 points in October 2025 and by 8 points in September 2025.
November 01, 2025
high
temporal
Polling trend across September–October 2025 in the New Jersey governor's race.
A 2025 Fox News poll found that 52% of Republicans and 40% of Democrats in New Jersey reported being extremely enthusiastic about voting.
November 01, 2025
high
temporal
Party-level measures of extreme voter enthusiasm from a 2025 Fox News poll in New Jersey.
New York City Question 6 is a ballot measure that would move city elections for municipal offices to the same year as U.S. presidential elections when permitted by state law; supporters argue this change would increase voter turnout while opponents argue it could cause local issues to be overshadowed by national campaigns.
November 01, 2025
high
temporal
Explains the procedural change proposed by Question 6 and the principal arguments for and against moving municipal elections to presidential years.
Ohio's state constitution required the Ohio Redistricting Commission to adopt new congressional districts because the prior districts had been adopted after the 2020 census without bipartisan support.
October 31, 2025
high
legal
Describes a constitutional trigger for redistricting in Ohio tied to how prior maps were adopted after the 2020 census.
Ohio law permits opponents of a legislative redistricting bill to mount an initiative petition campaign seeking to force a public referendum on a newly passed congressional map.
October 31, 2025
high
procedural
Describes a procedural option available under Ohio law for challenging legislative redistricting through ballot initiatives and referendums.
A 2025 Fox News poll of New Jersey likely voters found Democrat Mikie Sherrill at 52% and Republican Jack Ciattarelli at 45%, a 7-point lead for Sherrill.
October 30, 2025
high
temporal
State-level gubernatorial race polling results reported by Fox News.
A 2025 Fox News Poll of likely New York City voters found Zohran Mamdani with 47% support, Curtis Sliwa with 15% support, and Andrew Cuomo with 31% support.
October 30, 2025
high
temporal
Citywide voter preference percentages from a Fox News Poll of likely New York City voters.
As of October 29, 2025, registered Democrats in California outnumber registered Republicans by nearly 2-to-1.
October 29, 2025
high
temporal
State-level party registration balance referenced in reporting on electoral competitiveness.
As of October 29, 2025, Republicans hold nine of California's 52 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives.
October 29, 2025
high
temporal
Congressional partisan composition for California.
If elected mayor of New York City in 2025, Zohran Mamdani would become the city's first Muslim mayor and the city's first mayor from the Millennial generation.
October 29, 2025
high
temporal
Potential historic milestone contingent on election outcome.
A 2025 Suffolk University poll found Zohran Mamdani had 44% support among likely New York City voters, Andrew Cuomo had 34%, Curtis Sliwa had 11%, the remaining named candidates combined had 2%, 7% were undecided, and 2% declined to respond; the poll showed Mamdani leading Cuomo by 10 percentage points, down from a 20-point lead in Suffolk's September 2025 poll.
October 29, 2025
high
statistical
Suffolk University public opinion survey of likely voters in the New York City mayoral race.
Voting is compulsory for eligible voters in Argentina.
October 27, 2025
high
legal
Argentine electoral law includes compulsory voting requirements.
Centrist elected officials sometimes decline to endorse party nominees whose policy positions they view as too left-wing.
October 24, 2025
high
general
Describes a recurring pattern in endorsement behavior among ideological subgroups within a party.
Municipal mayoral races commonly include candidates affiliated with major political parties as well as independent candidates, and mayoral debates commonly address both national topics (for example, foreign policy or national political figures) and local issues (for example, crime, public transit, and local jail conditions).
October 23, 2025
medium
general_process
Describes typical features and topics of city-level mayoral contests and debates.
A 2025 Suffolk University poll of likely voters in Virginia found Democratic gubernatorial nominee Abigail Spanberger leading Republican Lt. Gov. Winsome Earle-Sears 52% to 43%.
October 23, 2025
high
temporal
statewide gubernatorial polling result reported by Suffolk University Political Research Center
California uses a top-two primary system in which a primary election determines the two candidates who advance to the November general election.
October 23, 2025
high
general
Describes the mechanism by which California selects general election candidates from a primary.
Early in an election cycle, many voters have not formed firm preferences and frequently consider multiple potential candidates at the same time, leading to substantial cross-consideration among contenders.
October 23, 2025
high
general
Describes a durable pattern of voter behavior in the early stages of candidate selection.
The party of the sitting U.S. president has historically tended to lose seats in U.S. midterm congressional elections.
October 22, 2025
high
political_trend
Longstanding electoral pattern observed across U.S. midterm cycles.
As of 2025, registered Democrats outnumber registered Republicans in New Jersey despite gains in Republican voter registration during the 2020s.
October 22, 2025
high
statistical
Relative party registration balance in New Jersey heading into the 2025 gubernatorial election cycle.
As of 2025, Republican candidates have won five of the last ten New Jersey gubernatorial elections.
October 22, 2025
high
statistical
Historical competitiveness of Republican candidates in New Jersey gubernatorial contests.
The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services' Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements (SAVE) database can be used to verify individuals' citizenship by crosschecking federal citizenship records against state voter registration lists, and the Trump administration enabled states to have free direct access to the SAVE dataset.
October 21, 2025
high
temporal
Federal-to-state data matching to verify voter eligibility
Chapter 16 of the Texas Election Code requires county election officials to verify each voter's eligibility and to remove from the voter rolls any individuals confirmed to be noncitizens.
October 21, 2025
high
temporal
Statutory process for maintaining voter registration accuracy in Texas
Texas county voter registrars must notify a flagged voter and give them 30 days to provide proof of U.S. citizenship; if the voter does not respond their registration may be canceled and can be reinstated upon presentation of proof of citizenship.
October 21, 2025
high
temporal
Administrative procedure for challenging and resolving alleged ineligible voter registrations in Texas
In Texas, individuals confirmed as noncitizens who are found to have voted may be referred to the Texas Attorney General's Office for further review and potential prosecution.
October 21, 2025
high
temporal
Legal referral and enforcement pathway for alleged illegal voting in Texas
A 2025 Fox News poll found Democrat Mikie Sherrill leading Republican Jack Ciattarelli among New Jersey likely voters by 50% to 45% (a 5-point lead), down from a 50% to 42% (8-point) lead reported in late September 2025.
October 16, 2025
high
temporal
State-level gubernatorial race polling results and trend compared to late September 2025.
A 2025 Fox News poll found Mikie Sherrill leading Jack Ciattarelli among New Jersey registered voters by 48% to 44% (a 4-point lead), down from a 48% to 41% (7-point) lead reported in late September 2025.
October 16, 2025
high
temporal
Registered-voter breakdown and short-term shift compared to late September 2025.
A 2025 Fox News poll found 52% of New Jersey voters viewed Mikie Sherrill as honest and trustworthy versus 47% who did not (a 5-point net positive), down from a 56% to 40% (16-point net positive) rating reported three weeks earlier in 2025.
October 16, 2025
high
temporal
Poll measures of perceived honesty/trustworthiness for a gubernatorial candidate and short-term change in those perceptions in 2025.
The North Carolina state constitution prohibits the governor from vetoing redistricting plans.
October 16, 2025
high
temporal
State constitutional limitation on the governor's veto power with respect to redistricting in North Carolina.
Under a 2023 North Carolina congressional map, Republican candidates won 10 of the state's 14 U.S. House seats in the 2024 elections, whereas under the 2022 map the delegation was split 7 Democrats and 7 Republicans.
October 16, 2025
high
temporal
Comparative election outcomes tied to different congressional district maps for North Carolina.
State legislatures can carry out mid‑decade redistricting to redraw U.S. House district boundaries and seek partisan electoral advantage.
October 16, 2025
high
temporal
Description of mid‑decade redistricting as a tool used by state legislatures to influence electoral outcomes.
Historically, the sitting president's party tends to lose seats in U.S. midterm Congressional elections.
October 16, 2025
high
temporal
Longstanding electoral trend in U.S. midterm elections affecting the president's party.
A 2025 Fox News survey of New Jersey likely voters found Democratic candidate Mikie Sherrill leading Republican Jack Ciattarelli by 5 percentage points (50% to 45%), down from an 8-point lead in late September 2025 (50% to 42%).
October 16, 2025
high
temporal
Poll results describing relative support for major-party gubernatorial candidates in New Jersey during the 2025 election cycle.
New Jersey was one of two U.S. states holding statewide elections in 2025.
October 16, 2025
high
temporal
Calendar fact about the U.S. 2025 election cycle indicating the number of states with statewide contests that year.
U.S. campaign finance law prohibits political campaigns from accepting contributions from foreign nationals; contributions are permitted only from U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents.
October 13, 2025
high
legal
General rule governing who may legally contribute to political campaigns in the United States.
Virginia's gubernatorial elections are often considered bellwether indicators for the party in control at the federal level and for broader national political trends ahead of midterm elections.
October 10, 2025
high
temporal
Virginia's statewide elections are frequently used to gauge national political sentiment and the standing of the party that holds the presidency.
Special elections tend to have lower voter turnout compared with regularly scheduled elections.
October 08, 2025
high
general
General observation about electoral dynamics used to interpret outcomes of one-off contests.
As of 2025, Tennessee's 9th Congressional District is the state's only congressional district that leans Democratic under the congressional lines drawn by Tennessee Republicans.
October 08, 2025
high
political
Partisan lean of Tennessee's congressional districts under the current (2025) map.
Steve Cohen is a 10-term U.S. Representative from Tennessee who has won nearly every election with more than 70% of the vote.
October 08, 2025
high
biographical
Summary of incumbent electoral history and tenure.
A Quinnipiac University poll conducted Oct. 3–7, 2025 found that among likely voters in the New York City mayoral race Zohran Mamdani had 46% support, Andrew Cuomo had 33% support, and Curtis Sliwa had 15% support.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
Citywide likely-voter support levels from a Quinnipiac University poll in early October 2025.
A Quinnipiac University survey conducted Oct. 3–7, 2025 found that 90% of Zohran Mamdani supporters reported being very or somewhat enthusiastic, 85% of Curtis Sliwa supporters reported being very or somewhat enthusiastic, and 69% of Andrew Cuomo supporters reported being very or somewhat enthusiastic.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
Supporter enthusiasm levels measured in the Quinnipiac University mayoral poll.
A 2025 Fox News Poll conducted by Beacon Research and Daron Shaw found New York City registered voters' preferences were 49% for Zohran Mamdani, 28% for independent candidate Andrew Cuomo, and 13% for Republican candidate Curtis Sliwa; among likely voters the poll found 52% support for Mamdani, 28% for Cuomo, and 14% for Sliwa.
October 01, 2025
high
statistical
Citywide voter preference breakdown from a Fox News Poll of New York City registered and likely voters.
The 2025 Fox News Poll found Zohran Mamdani's highest support came from very liberal voters (78%), voters under age 30 (67%), Democrats (63%), and women under 45 (62%), while the poll found Andrew Cuomo's highest support came from moderates (44%), voters age 65 and older (44%), women 45 and over (42%), and independents (35%).
October 01, 2025
high
statistical
Demographic breakdown of candidate support in a Fox News Poll of New York City voters.
The 2025 Fox News Poll found Curtis Sliwa received 60% support from Republicans and 58% support from voters who supported President Donald Trump in 2024, and the poll found White voters without a college degree were split roughly evenly among Mamdani, Cuomo, and Sliwa at about 30% each.
October 01, 2025
high
statistical
Subgroup support patterns reported by a Fox News Poll of New York City voters.
A Fox News poll in 2025 reported Zohran Mamdani at 49%, Andrew Cuomo at 28%, and Curtis Sliwa at 13% in the New York City mayoral race.
October 01, 2025
medium
statistical
Poll results reported by a news article; month of poll not specified in the article text.
A 2025 Quinnipiac University poll of likely New York City voters found Zohran Mamdani at 44% support, Andrew Cuomo at 34% support, Curtis Sliwa at 11% support, other listed ballot candidates at 2% support, 7% undecided, and 2% refusing to respond.
October 01, 2025
high
temporal
Results from a public-opinion poll of likely voters in the 2025 New York City mayoral race.
Historically, the political party that holds the U.S. presidency tends to lose seats in the U.S. House of Representatives during midterm elections.
September 11, 2025
high
temporal
This is a recurring electoral pattern observed across multiple U.S. midterm election cycles.
State legislatures controlled by a political party can redraw congressional district maps (redistricting) in ways that influence the partisan composition of U.S. House seats.
September 11, 2025
high
temporal
Redistricting by state legislatures is a durable political process used to alter district boundaries and can affect which party is favored in House districts.
The U.S. Department of Justice has historically deployed federal election observers to jurisdictions with prior election issues to help ensure compliance with election laws.
August 01, 2025
high
temporal
Describes DOJ's general practice of sending election monitoring resources to areas with histories of election problems.
Turnout gaps between White voters and voters of color often increase in off-year elections.
January 01, 2025
high
temporal
A commonly observed pattern in U.S. electoral turnout across federal and state election cycles.
Washington State's routine recount rules: a machine recount is automatic if the vote margin between the top two candidates is less than 2,000 votes and less than 0.5% of the total votes cast for those candidates, and a manual recount is required for statewide contests if the margin is less than 1,000 votes and less than 0.25%.
January 01, 2025
high
procedural
These are the statutory thresholds that trigger automatic machine recounts and required manual recounts in Washington elections.
The Cook Political Report rated Maine's 2nd Congressional District as a toss-up and assigned it a partisan lean of R+4.
January 01, 2025
high
temporal
Nonpartisan electoral competitiveness rating and partisan lean
A 2025 Wall Street Journal analysis found that working-class, Hispanic, and Black neighborhoods in Virginia and New Jersey that had supported Donald Trump in the 2024 presidential election shifted toward Democratic candidates in the 2025 gubernatorial elections.
January 01, 2025
high
statistical
Comparison of voting patterns between the 2024 presidential election and 2025 gubernatorial elections as identified by a Wall Street Journal analysis.
Donald Trump carried Tennessee's 7th Congressional District by roughly 20 percentage points in the 2024 presidential election.
November 05, 2024
high
temporal
Presidential election performance in a specific congressional district.
In the 2024 U.S. presidential election, Donald Trump carried Tennessee's 7th Congressional District by roughly 20 percentage points.
November 05, 2024
high
statistical
Result from the 2024 presidential election at the congressional-district level.
Suburban areas surrounding New York City were cited as influential to Republican performance in U.S. House elections in 2022 and 2024.
November 05, 2024
medium
temporal
Observation about electoral geography and its impact on Republican House results in the 2022 and 2024 election cycles.
In the 2024 U.S. presidential election, 13 congressional districts voted for Donald Trump for president while electing a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives.
November 05, 2024
high
temporal
National-level split-ticket outcomes observed in the 2024 presidential and House elections.
New Jersey experienced a decline in voter turnout between the 2020 and 2024 elections, with larger turnout declines among Latino voters and among registered Democrats.
November 05, 2024
high
temporal
Observed changes in turnout by demographic groups in New Jersey across two presidential election cycles.
Passaic, New Jersey, which has an approximately 70% Latino population, voted for Donald Trump in the 2024 presidential election and saw Trump's vote margin there increase by over 30 percentage points from 2020 to 2024.
November 05, 2024
high
temporal
Example of large Republican gains in heavily Latino municipalities between the 2020 and 2024 presidential elections.
Nearly half of voters in Maine used absentee ballots in the 2024 U.S. presidential election (November 5, 2024).
November 05, 2024
high
temporal
Quantifies absentee voting usage in Maine for the 2024 presidential election.
In the 2024 presidential election, 67% of voters in Shasta County, California, supported Donald Trump.
November 05, 2024
high
temporal
County-level vote share in the 2024 presidential election.
In the 2024 presidential election, approximately 80% of voters in Marin County, California, supported the Democratic ticket headed by the party that included Kamala Harris.
November 05, 2024
high
temporal
County-level vote share in the 2024 presidential election.
New York's 11th Congressional District voted for President Donald Trump in the 2016, 2020, and 2024 presidential elections.
November 05, 2024
high
temporal
Historical presidential election results for the district.
Donald Trump carried Wyoming by the largest margin of any U.S. state in the 2016, 2020, and 2024 presidential elections.
November 05, 2024
high
temporal
Relative state-level margins in U.S. presidential elections
President Donald Trump carried Maine's 2nd Congressional District in the 2016, 2020, and 2024 presidential elections.
November 05, 2024
high
temporal
Presidential election outcomes by congressional district
A CBS News Voter Poll found that 15% of Zohran Mamdani's mayoral voters had not voted for Kamala Harris in the 2024 presidential election; that subgroup comprised about 5% who voted for Donald Trump in 2024, 3% who voted for a third-party candidate in 2024, and 6% who did not vote in the 2024 presidential election.
November 05, 2024
high
statistical
CBS News analysis of New York City mayoral voters comparing their 2024 presidential vote choices.
A CBS News Voter Poll found that 50% of voters who supported Zohran Mamdani in the mayoral election but did not vote for Kamala Harris in the 2024 presidential election reported they had never voted in a mayoral election before.
November 05, 2024
high
statistical
Measure of prior mayoral election participation among Mamdani supporters who did not back the 2024 Democratic presidential nominee.
A CBS News Voter Poll found that voters who supported Zohran Mamdani but did not vote for Kamala Harris in the 2024 presidential election had a distinct demographic profile: about two-thirds were under age 45, 44% had family incomes under $50,000 annually, the largest racial/ethnic group within that subset was Asian, and 29% identified as Muslim.
November 05, 2024
high
statistical
Demographic breakdown of Mamdani supporters who did not back the 2024 Democratic presidential nominee.
As of 2024, 36 U.S. states have laws requiring voters to present some form of identification to cast a ballot on Election Day, and 24 of those states require photo identification, according to Ballotpedia.
November 01, 2024
high
statistic
State-level voter identification laws and photo-ID requirements.
A Gallup poll taken just before the 2024 U.S. elections found that 84% of U.S. adults favored requiring voters to show identification and 83% favored requiring proof of citizenship when registering for the first time.
November 01, 2024
high
statistic
National public opinion on voter identification and proof-of-citizenship requirements.
Justice Democrats is a progressive political organization that targets longtime incumbents and helped elect Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and other members of the progressive 'Squad' in U.S. House primaries.
January 01, 2024
high
temporal
Describes the mission and past influence of the Justice Democrats organization in U.S. House primary elections.
There is a generational debate within the Democratic Party in which younger Democrats are increasingly mounting primary challenges to older, long-serving Democratic incumbents.
January 01, 2024
high
temporal
Describes an observable trend in intra-party challenges and discussions about generational change.
New York's 11th Congressional District comprises all of Staten Island and portions of south Brooklyn.
January 01, 2024
high
temporal
Geographic description of the congressional district's coverage.
A 2024 Brookings Institution study found that mainstream Democrats won about two-thirds of primary election contests in 2024.
January 01, 2024
high
temporal
Summary finding from a Brookings Institution analysis of 2024 primary election outcomes.
A 2024 Brookings Institution study found that three House candidates and one Senate candidate who identified as democratic socialists won their elections in 2024.
January 01, 2024
high
temporal
Count of successful candidates identifying as democratic socialists reported in the Brookings Institution analysis of 2024 elections.
U.S. congressional incumbents in their 70s and 80s have been subject to primary challenges from younger Democratic candidates, producing recurring intra-party generational debates.
January 01, 2024
high
temporal
Describes a recurring pattern of generational primary challenges within the Democratic Party.
Expensive primary contests in safe seats can divert attention and financial resources away from a political party's efforts to compete in more competitive general-election races.
January 01, 2024
high
temporal
Describes a common campaign dynamic where intra-party spending impacts broader electoral strategy.
Primary challengers commonly use incumbents' age, recent health issues, or patterns of civic participation (such as voting behavior) as arguments to question incumbents' fitness for continued service.
January 01, 2024
high
temporal
Identifies typical lines of attack and criteria cited in primary campaigns.
The U.S. Department of Justice deployed election resources to Alaska municipal elections in October 2023.
October 01, 2023
high
temporal
Example of DOJ deploying election support to non-federal, local elections.
The U.S. Department of Justice deployed federal election monitors to California during the 2022 general election.
November 08, 2022
high
temporal
Historical deployment of DOJ election monitors to a state-level general election.
Janet Mills won re-election as Maine governor in 2022, defeating former Governor Paul LePage by a margin described as double digits.
January 01, 2022
high
electoral
Summarizes the outcome and margin of Mills's 2022 gubernatorial re-election.
Kathy Hochul won a full term as New York governor in 2022, defeating Republican Lee Zeldin.
January 01, 2022
high
temporal
Outcome of the 2022 New York gubernatorial election
The January 6, 2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol involved supporters breaching and ransacking the Capitol and attempting to stop the certification of the 2020 U.S. presidential election results.
January 06, 2021
high
temporal
Describes the nature and purpose of the January 6, 2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol.
A congressional map enacted in Indiana in 2021 gave the Republican Party a 7-2 advantage in the state's U.S. House delegation.
January 01, 2021
high
temporal
Outcome of the 2021 redistricting for Indiana's congressional districts.
In 2020, California voters removed the state legislature's authority to draw legislative and congressional district maps and established an independent redistricting commission.
January 01, 2020
high
temporal
State-level change to redistricting authority implemented via ballot measure in California.
Redistricting of legislative and congressional districts in the United States is typically conducted after each decennial census.
January 01, 2020
high
temporal
Standard timing for redrawing electoral district boundaries in the U.S.
Mississippi law enacted in 2020 permits mail-in ballots that are postmarked by Election Day to be counted if they are received up to five days after the election.
January 01, 2020
high
legal
State election law specifying a short post-Election Day receipt window for ballots that were postmarked by Election Day.
Since 2020, more than a dozen U.S. states have allowed mail-in ballots that are postmarked by Election Day to be counted even if they are received after Election Day.
January 01, 2020
high
statistical
Many states adopted or retained short post-Election Day receipt windows for timely-postmarked mail ballots during emergency election policy changes around the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mail-in ballots are accepted in some form in every U.S. state.
January 01, 2020
high
general
Overview of ballot delivery and acceptance methods across state election systems.
Eric Swalwell was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2020.
January 01, 2020
high
temporal
Presidential campaign history
During his 2020 presidential campaign, Eric Swalwell emphasized gun control and called for a complete ban on assault rifles.
January 01, 2020
high
policy
Policy positions stated during the 2020 campaign
Jared Golden has represented Maine's 2nd Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives since 2019.
January 01, 2019
high
temporal
Tenure of a congressional representative
Abigail Spanberger was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2018 midterm election.
November 06, 2018
high
temporal
Spanberger began her congressional service following the 2018 midterm elections.
The 2018 U.S. midterm elections resulted in the Democratic Party flipping control of the U.S. House of Representatives and gaining 40 seats.
November 06, 2018
high
temporal
The 2018 midterm cycle is commonly described as a significant Democratic gain in the House.
Democratic candidates won control of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2018 midterm elections.
November 06, 2018
high
temporal
Outcome of the 2018 U.S. midterm elections.
Jared Golden was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2018 general election, defeating Republican incumbent Bruce Poliquin.
November 06, 2018
high
temporal
Historical outcome of the 2018 U.S. House election for Maine's 2nd congressional district.
Janet Mills won Maine's 2018 gubernatorial election, becoming the state's first female governor.
January 01, 2018
high
electoral
Describes a durable electoral milestone in Janet Mills's political career.
Eileen Higgins was elected to the Miami-Dade County Commission in 2018.
January 01, 2018
high
temporal
Biographical and electoral background for a Miami county commissioner.
From 1989 through 2017, New Jersey elected a governor from the party opposite the sitting U.S. president in every gubernatorial election.
December 31, 2017
high
temporal
Historical pattern relating gubernatorial outcomes to the party of the sitting U.S. president
Donald Trump won Maine's 2nd congressional district in the 2016 presidential election by approximately 10 percentage points.
November 08, 2016
high
temporal
Presidential election result for Maine's 2nd congressional district in 2016.
JesĂşs "Chuy" GarcĂa challenged then-incumbent Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel in the 2015 mayoral election and forced Emanuel into a runoff.
January 01, 2015
high
historical
Past mayoral contest in Chicago involving a prominent local politician.
Scott Brown was the Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate in New Hampshire in 2014.
January 01, 2014
high
temporal
Scott Brown's 2014 candidacy in a New Hampshire Senate race.
In 2013 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Voting Rights Act's coverage formula for Section 5 preclearance was unconstitutional, effectively ending the requirement that jurisdictions with a history of discrimination obtain federal approval before making certain election-related changes.
June 25, 2013
high
legal
Summary of the Supreme Court's 2013 decision that invalidated the statutory coverage formula that triggered Section 5 preclearance obligations.
California voters approved a 2010 ballot measure that expanded the independent redistricting commission's authority to include congressional district maps.
November 02, 2010
high
temporal
The 2010 measure extended the commission's role to congressional as well as state legislative redistricting.
California voters gave congressional redistricting authority to an independent citizens commission in 2010.
January 01, 2010
high
institutional
California's voters created an independent commission to draw congressional district lines as a durable allocation of redistricting authority.
Dominion Voting Systems was incorporated in Toronto and moved its headquarters to Denver in 2009.
January 01, 2009
high
temporal
Corporate origin and headquarters relocation of Dominion Voting Systems.
Charlotte, North Carolina, had not elected a Republican mayor after former Governor Pat McCrory left the mayoral office in 2009.
January 01, 2009
high
temporal
Historical pattern of partisan control of the Charlotte mayoralty.
California voters approved the creation of an independent redistricting commission via a 2008 ballot measure.
November 04, 2008
high
temporal
The commission was created to remove direct legislative control over drawing district lines.
John E. Sununu lost to Jeanne Shaheen in a 2008 U.S. Senate rematch in New Hampshire.
January 01, 2008
high
temporal
Historical election outcome indicating the 2008 reversal in their Senate contests.
Since 2008, no Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate in Kentucky has finished within 10 percentage points of the winner; in the 2008 election Republican Mitch McConnell won re-election by six percentage points.
January 01, 2008
high
temporal
Magnitude of margins in recent Kentucky U.S. Senate races.
New York City has not elected a Republican mayor since Michael Bloomberg won re-election to a second term in 2005.
January 01, 2005
high
temporal
Historical pattern of mayoral party control in New York City.
John E. Sununu defeated Jeanne Shaheen in New Hampshire's 2002 U.S. Senate election.
January 01, 2002
high
temporal
Historical election outcome establishing John E. Sununu's initial Senate victory.
North Carolina's 1st congressional district has elected African American representatives to the U.S. House continuously since 1992.
January 01, 1992
high
historical
Historical pattern of racial representation in that specific congressional district.
Kentucky has not elected a Democratic U.S. senator since 1992, when Democrat Wendell Ford won re-election to the U.S. Senate.
January 01, 1992
high
temporal
Historical pattern of U.S. Senate election outcomes in Kentucky.
New Jersey has not voted for a Republican presidential candidate since the 1988 presidential election.
November 08, 1988
high
temporal
Statewide presidential voting history
Nancy Pelosi was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1987 and represented a San Francisco-area congressional district.
January 01, 1987
high
temporal
Start of Pelosi's tenure as a member of Congress representing San Francisco-area constituents.
Republican presidential candidates carried Virginia in 10 consecutive presidential elections from 1968 through 2004, while Democratic presidential candidates won Virginia in each presidential election from 2008 through 2024.
January 01, 1968
high
historical
Virginia's presidential voting record shifted from a long Republican streak to a Democratic streak beginning in 2008.
Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act (enacted in 1965) allows legal challenges to voting practices and requires challengers to demonstrate current racially polarized voting and that minority populations are unable to elect candidates of their choice, among other factors, to establish a violation.
August 06, 1965
high
legal
Describes the legal standard under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act for proving vote dilution or discriminatory effects in redistricting and other voting changes.
Federal election monitors have observed polling places in the United States since the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965.
August 06, 1965
high
temporal
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 established federal protections against discriminatory voting practices and enabled federal oversight of elections.
Racial gerrymandering, which involves drawing electoral district lines to intentionally target or dilute the voting power of racial minority groups, violates the federal Voting Rights Act.
August 06, 1965
high
legal
Legal principle governing redistricting and minority voting rights under U.S. federal law.
The Virginia governorship has changed party control seven times over the last 60 years, indicating relatively lower party loyalty among Virginia voters for state executive offices.
January 01, 1965
high
political-trend
Frequent party turnover in the governor's office reflects Virginia voters' tendency to split tickets or switch party preference in state-level contests.
Hugh J. Grant was 31 years old when he was elected to his first term as New York City mayor in 1889.
January 01, 1889
high
historical
Historical fact about the age of a past New York City mayor at first election
Winsome Earle-Sears serves as the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia.
high
temporal
Statewide elected official in Virginia government.
Jay Jones is a Virginia politician who previously served as a state delegate from Norfolk and has been a candidate for Virginia attorney general.
high
temporal
Background roles and candidacy status for Virginia statewide office.
Virginia and New Jersey are among the few U.S. states that hold statewide elections in the year after U.S. presidential elections, and gubernatorial contests held in those off-year cycles are often treated as referenda on the newly elected president.
high
electoral
Explains the timing of statewide elections in Virginia and New Jersey and how those contests are commonly interpreted.
In U.S. federal practice, special elections are used to fill vacant U.S. House of Representatives seats when a sitting representative resigns or dies.
high
temporal
General procedural rule for filling vacancies in the U.S. House.
Virginia and New Jersey are the only U.S. states that hold gubernatorial elections in the calendar year immediately following a U.S. presidential election.
high
temporal
State election scheduling for gubernatorial contests
Candidates for California governor can come from multiple parties, including the Democratic Party, the Republican Party, and third parties such as the Green Party.
high
descriptive
General composition of candidate fields in California gubernatorial elections.
Dominion Voting Systems is one of the United States' largest election technology companies.
high
organizational
Describes the relative market position of Dominion Voting Systems in the U.S. election technology sector.
Dominion Voting Systems provided voting systems in the state of Georgia.
high
operational
Deployment of Dominion's voting technology in a U.S. state.
Liberty Vote is reported as the nation's largest provider of electronic poll book technology and was founded by Scott Leiendecker, a former Republican elections director.
high
organizational
Description of Liberty Vote's market position and founder background.
The U.S. Constitution allocates authority over election regulations to the U.S. Congress and to the states.
high
legal
Allocation of regulatory authority for elections under the U.S. constitutional framework.
Historically, winners of U.S. House special elections are typically sworn in as members of the House within hours or days after their victory.
high
temporal
Describes the usual timing for seating representatives who win special elections to the U.S. House of Representatives.
Voter identification laws in the United States require voters to present government-issued identification before casting a ballot, and such laws have been adopted in several U.S. states, primarily those controlled by the Republican Party.
high
temporal
Describes the general nature and partisan distribution of voter ID laws across U.S. states.
Verified cases of voter fraud in Maine elections are described as exceedingly rare.
high
temporal
Characterizes the frequency of confirmed voter fraud cases in Maine.
Justice Department election monitors are typically staff in the Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division and U.S. Attorneys' offices, and are generally experienced DOJ attorneys rather than law enforcement officers.
high
descriptive
These monitors are deployed to observe election processes and compliance with federal voting laws.
Justice Department election monitors do not have access to ballots or voting machines and primarily observe and take notes to document potential federal law violations.
high
descriptive
Monitors document observations so the Justice Department can assess whether to pursue further legal action; they do not perform enforcement actions at polling sites.
Federal election monitors typically remain outside polling places but may enter polling locations if ordered by a court or invited by election officials.
high
descriptive
Normal practice is for monitors to observe externally unless there is a legal order or permission from local election authorities to go inside.
Gubernatorial elections in Virginia and New Jersey held in the year after a U.S. presidential election are historically closely watched nationally as barometers of voter sentiment toward the party holding the White House.
high
temporal
These off-year gubernatorial elections are used as indicators of national political mood in the cycle following a presidential election.
State legislatures can conduct redistricting outside the decennial census cycle (mid-decade redistricting), allowing them to redraw congressional district maps between census years.
high
structural
Describes the process known as mid-decade or off-cycle redistricting.
Redistricting controlled by a state's dominant political party can be used to design congressional maps that increase the number of districts favoring that party.
high
process
Explains how partisan control of map-drawing can affect the partisan composition of congressional delegations.
The party occupying the U.S. presidency commonly loses seats in the U.S. House of Representatives during midterm elections.
high
historical_pattern
Describes a recurring historical pattern in U.S. federal elections.
Virginia's off-year gubernatorial elections are often treated as a referendum on the president elected in the prior year, and historically the president's party has almost always lost those elections.
high
temporal
Historical pattern linking Virginia off-year gubernatorial outcomes to the president elected the previous year.
Donald Trump's share of the statewide vote in Virginia increased from 44% in 2020 to 46.1% in 2024.
high
temporal
Change in Trump's vote share between the 2020 and 2024 presidential elections in Virginia.
Some U.S. states use independent or nonpartisan redistricting commissions to draw congressional district maps instead of having state legislatures draw those maps.
high
structural
Describes an institutional alternative to legislative-controlled redistricting.
Mid-decade redistricting is a practice in which state legislatures redraw congressional maps outside the regular post-census cycle, and it can be used as a strategy to try to gain partisan advantage.
high
process
Explains the timing and strategic purpose of redistricting conducted between decennial censuses.
Redrawing congressional district boundaries can be designed to create additional districts that favor one political party, thereby increasing the number of party-leaning seats.
high
outcome
Describes a common objective and potential effect of partisan map-drawing.
In Pennsylvania retention elections for Supreme Court justices, voters are asked to vote "yes" or "no" on whether to give current justices another term and judicial candidates are not listed by party affiliation on the ballot.
high
procedural
Describes the ballot and voting mechanism used in Pennsylvania retention elections for Supreme Court justices.
Some U.S. states use independent citizen commissions to draw congressional district maps, while other U.S. states assign map-drawing authority to their state legislatures.
high
structural
Describes the two common institutional approaches to drawing U.S. congressional district boundaries.
Mid-decade redistricting refers to efforts to redraw congressional district boundaries between decennial censuses and can be used by state governments to alter the partisan balance of congressional delegations.
high
process
Explains the concept and political purpose of redistricting that occurs outside the regular post-census cycle.
Redistricting plans can be subject to legal challenges and referendum petitions that may suspend or delay implementation of new maps pending court rulings or voter approval in statewide referendums.
high
legal
Describes common legal and political mechanisms that can affect when and whether new district maps take effect.
Newly drawn congressional districts can change the competitiveness of races and the projected partisan composition of U.S. House seats, producing more closely divided districts and potentially more expensive campaigns.
high
political
Describes typical electoral effects of changes to district boundaries.
A 'majority-minority' district is an electoral district in which racial and ethnic minority groups together constitute a voting majority.
high
definition
Term used in redistricting and voting-rights discussions to describe districts drawn so that minority groups constitute a voting majority.
In the American South, majority-minority districts for state legislatures and for Congress have been the primary districts held by the Democratic Party.
high
political_pattern
Describes a regional electoral pattern in which Democratic electoral strength in the South is concentrated in districts where racial or ethnic minorities form a voting majority.
Maine uses a ranked-choice voting system to elect members to Congress.
high
descriptive
State-level electoral method used for congressional elections in Maine.
Donald Trump carried Maine's 2nd Congressional District in three consecutive U.S. presidential elections.
high
political_trend
Indicates a multi-election voting pattern in Maine's 2nd Congressional District.
Social media platforms such as TikTok can enable political candidates to build very large followings and amplify their reach to otherwise disengaged or new voters, influencing campaign visibility and mobilization.
high
general
Studies of recent campaigns show digital platforms can expand candidate reach beyond traditional media channels.
Vacancies in the U.S. House of Representatives are filled through special elections called by state authorities.
high
process
General procedure for filling vacated U.S. House seats
New York has a Democratic voter registration advantage, with Democrats holding a major edge in registered voters compared to Republicans.
high
contextual
Describes the durable partisan voter-registration balance in the state of New York.
California uses an all-party primary system in which the top two vote-getters in the primary advance to the general election.
high
temporal
California's top-two primary (all-party primary) advances the two highest vote-getters to the general election regardless of party.
California uses a statewide all-party 'top-two' primary system in which the two candidates who receive the most votes in the primary advance to the November general election.
high
procedural
Describes the structure of California's primary-to-general election process.