Under U.S. federal practice, grand jury materials are typically kept secret and courts apply a high legal standard to justify the rare unsealing of grand jury transcripts.
November 20, 2025
high
procedural
General rule and judicial standard governing public access to grand jury materials in federal cases.
In U.S. federal criminal law, a defendant who claims vindictive prosecution must show that the prosecutor acted with genuine animus toward the defendant and pursued charges to punish the defendant for exercising a protected right.
November 19, 2025
high
legal_standard
Describes the legal elements required to prove a vindictive prosecution claim in federal cases.
A dismissal of criminal charges 'with prejudice' prevents prosecutors from refiling the same charges against the defendant.
November 19, 2025
high
legal_definition
Explains the legal effect of a dismissal with prejudice in criminal proceedings.
U.S. district courts can issue preliminary injunctions that block federal government actions, including funding freezes or fines, pending resolution of litigation.
November 14, 2025
high
legal
Preliminary injunctions are a judicial remedy that can pause government enforcement actions while legal challenges proceed.
A U.S. Court of Appeals has the procedural authority to vacate a panel decision and order an en banc rehearing, in which a larger group of judges rehears the case.
October 01, 2025
high
judicial
Describes appellate court procedure for rehearing cases before a larger panel.
In Rucho v. Common Cause (U.S. Supreme Court, 2019), the Supreme Court ruled that federal courts cannot adjudicate claims of partisan gerrymandering.
June 27, 2019
high
legal
Judicial precedent limiting federal-court review of partisan-map challenges.