U.S. district courts

U.S. district courts can issue preliminary injunctions that block federal government actions, including funding freezes or fines, pending resolution of litigation.

U.S. district courts can issue orders temporarily blocking the deportation or removal of noncitizens while related legal proceedings or motions are litigated.

U.S. Courts of Appeals can issue emergency rulings or stays that suspend or modify district court orders and thereby affect whether state National Guard units remain under federal control pending appeal.

U.S. district courts have the authority to order law enforcement officers to wear and activate body-worn cameras during activities such as arrests, frisks, building searches, or deployments to protests.

U.S. district courts can issue nationwide injunctions that block federal policies across the United States, and the U.S. Supreme Court has issued rulings that narrow the circumstances under which nationwide injunctions may be granted.

U.S. district courts can issue temporary restraining orders that halt federal deployments of National Guard members.

Parties seeking relief from temporary orders or injunctive relief in the U.S. federal system can have the district court evaluate the case on its merits and may appeal to a U.S. Court of Appeals and, in some cases, petition the Supreme Court for review.