defendant

Traditional bail is money posted by a defendant as a refundable deposit intended to secure the defendant's release before trial by providing financial assurance that the defendant will return to court.

In U.S. federal criminal law, a defendant who claims vindictive prosecution must show that the prosecutor acted with genuine animus toward the defendant and pursued charges to punish the defendant for exercising a protected right.

A dismissal of criminal charges 'with prejudice' prevents prosecutors from refiling the same charges against the defendant.

In U.S. federal criminal law, a claim of vindictive prosecution requires a defendant to show that a prosecutor acted with 'genuine animus' toward the defendant and pursued charges to punish the defendant for exercising a legally protected right.

In U.S. federal criminal law, a selective prosecution claim requires a defendant to show that the government was motivated by a discriminatory purpose, which can be demonstrated by proving that similarly situated individuals were not prosecuted or that the decision to bring charges was invidious or made in bad faith.

A common legal principle in self-defense claims is that the defendant's actions may be evaluated based on the circumstances as the defendant perceived them.

When a defendant in a civil wrongful-death case concedes liability, jurors are generally tasked only with determining the amount of damages rather than deciding fault or liability.

When a judge rejects a plea agreement, a criminal defendant may withdraw a previously entered guilty plea or proceed without the plea agreement and potentially face a higher sentence than the rejected deal would have provided.

Criminal defendants in the U.S. may be released from custody after posting a court-ordered bond.

Under U.S. law, a defendant seeking dismissal on grounds of vindictive prosecution must prove that prosecutors acted with genuine animus in bringing the case and that prosecutors singled the defendant out because of that animus.

Under U.S. law, a selective-prosecution claim requires the defendant to prove that similarly situated persons were not prosecuted.

In U.S. federal criminal proceedings, an arraignment before a magistrate judge typically involves the judge explaining the charges to the defendant, informing the defendant of the potential penalties, and asking the defendant to enter a plea (for example, not guilty).

Federal judges can revoke a defendant's pretrial release (bond) if the prosecution persuades the court there is a serious risk the defendant will threaten, injure, or intimidate witnesses or jurors.

At a federal criminal arraignment, a judge typically formally informs a defendant of the charges, provides an opportunity to enter a plea, may consider terms of pretrial release, and can set a trial date or a date to hear pretrial motions.

Being released on one's own recognizance means a defendant is not required to post bail to be released from custody pretrial.

Courts can require a recognizance bond if a defendant who was released on their own recognizance fails to appear for required proceedings.

When a defendant surrenders for arraignment, they are typically booked the same day, a process that ordinarily includes taking photographs and fingerprints and checking for outstanding warrants.

An arraignment typically involves a court reading the charges to the defendant, the judge asking the defendant to enter a plea, and the judge outlining the next procedural steps in the case.

Preliminary hearings are court proceedings held to determine whether there is enough evidence to require a defendant to stand trial.

During the penalty phase of a capital trial, prosecutors commonly emphasize aggravating factors such as the defendant's motive to persuade jurors to impose a harsher sentence, including the death penalty.

Plea agreements in criminal cases can involve a defendant pleading guilty in exchange for avoiding the death penalty and may include waiving the right to appeal or to seek future sentence reductions.

In capital cases, plea agreements can include terms where a defendant pleads guilty in exchange for the state agreeing not to seek the death penalty.

To establish prosecutorial vindictiveness, a defendant generally must show that prosecutors acted with genuine animus toward the defendant and that the defendant would not have been prosecuted but for that animus.

Judges in U.S. federal and state courts may issue arrest warrants when a defendant fails to appear for a scheduled court hearing.

A defendant may seek dismissal of an indictment by arguing that the official who signed or secured the indictment was not lawfully appointed under the Constitution's Appointments Clause and applicable federal statutes.

A 'no contest' (nolo contendere) plea is a criminal plea in which a defendant chooses not to contest the charges but does not formally admit guilt.

Under current Israeli legal procedures, only a defendant or a member of the defendant's family may submit a pardon request to the President of Israel.

In Israeli practice, pardon requests have typically required defendants to plead guilty and acknowledge wrongdoing, and the Ministry of Justice usually weighs in and provides a recommendation on pardon petitions.