state courts

State courts can review and, in some cases, reject legislative-drawn congressional or legislative district maps for violating state redistricting standards and order remedial maps or compliance with those standards.

State and federal courts have the legal authority to temporarily block or enjoin National Guard deployments when judges determine those deployments exceed executive authority or are unlawful.

U.S. federal and state judges have asserted that military involvement in civilian affairs is legally fraught and can threaten constitutional liberties, leading courts to scrutinize or block domestic deployments of military forces.

State constitutions can condition governors' authority to deploy state National Guard forces on specific circumstances such as 'rebellion' or 'invasion', and courts have interpreted those constitutional provisions as imposing limits on gubernatorial deployment power.

A judicial interpretation can conclude that a governor's authority as commander-in-chief of a state's National Guard is not unfettered by state law.

State criminal convictions and sentences can remain in effect independently of related federal convictions, so a person can continue serving a state-imposed prison term even if a federal conviction is overturned.

Courts have the authority to invalidate local election measures that conflict with state election law.

Redistricting plans are commonly subject to judicial review, legal challenges, and voter referendum or initiative processes, any of which can delay, modify, or block implementation of new maps.

State courts make the factual findings for SIJS by determining that a child or youth has been abused, neglected, or abandoned by a parent, which is the basis for the SIJS designation.

Courts can disqualify a district attorney from prosecuting a case on the basis of an appearance of impropriety arising from a personal or romantic relationship with a prosecutor or special prosecutor.

In the U.S., murder prosecutions are typically brought in state courts, but federal law also permits charging a homicide under federal statutes when the killing involves a firearm used in furtherance of another crime of violence; federal homicide charges can carry the death penalty even if the relevant state does not authorize capital punishment.

State courts, including state supreme courts, have authority to suspend an attorney's law license pending disciplinary proceedings or investigations.

A request to transfer a criminal prosecution from state court to federal court typically must be made within 30 days of the defendant's arraignment unless a court finds 'good cause' to allow a later filing.

In the United States, individuals can be prosecuted and convicted in both state courts and federal courts for related criminal conduct, resulting in separate convictions and sentences (for example, a state murder conviction and a federal hate crime conviction).