Governments may choose to send only a diplomatic official to a summit's handover ceremony without participating in the summit's other talks.
November 20, 2025
high
diplomatic_practice
States a diplomatic participation option for multilateral summits.
Governments use terrorist-organization designations for criminal cartels and associated officials as a foreign-policy tool to increase pressure on target governments.
November 17, 2025
high
temporal
Designation as a policy instrument to raise pressure on foreign regimes.
Governments use targeted sanctions against individuals and entities involved in the development and deployment of military drone programs as a policy tool to impose consequences on those enabling a state's military capabilities.
November 12, 2025
high
temporal
Describes a common sanctions practice aimed at constraining military technology programs.
Governments can strip properties of protected heritage status and enter long-term lease agreements, including 99-year leases, with private developers as a legal mechanism to enable large-scale redevelopment projects.
November 11, 2025
medium
policy
Description of legal and contractual mechanisms used in property redevelopment and heritage status management.
Governments may assert that they are in a formal armed conflict with non-state actors, such as drug cartels, and rely on that assertion as a legal justification to carry out military strikes against those actors.
November 02, 2025
high
policy
Executive-branch determinations of armed conflict can be used as a claimed legal basis for use-of-force operations against non-state groups.
Tariffs are a trade policy tool that governments can raise to increase the cost of imports and to pressure trading partners in negotiations.
October 31, 2025
high
general
Tariff adjustments are commonly used to influence trade balances and negotiation leverage.
Governments may use tariffs and export restrictions on strategic materials, including rare earth elements, as instruments in trade disputes.
October 30, 2025
high
general
Summarizes policy tools used in international trade tensions.
Governments sometimes use the threat of imposing tariffs as negotiating leverage in international trade discussions.
October 26, 2025
high
general
Common strategic tool in trade diplomacy and negotiations.
Governments and international actors commonly use sanctions that target a country's oil and gas export revenues as a tool to apply economic pressure on that country.
October 24, 2025
high
contextual
Sanctions on energy exports are a recurring policy tool used to reduce a state's export earnings and influence its behavior.
Ethical and conflict-of-interest concerns commonly arise when individuals conduct diplomacy with governments with which they have active business relationships.
October 23, 2025
high
contextual
General principle about governance and diplomatic practice.
Loan guarantees are used by governments or financial institutions to support large investment transactions by reducing lenders' credit risk.
October 23, 2025
high
contextual
Loan guarantees can enable transactions that might otherwise be unaffordable or too risky for private lenders.
Governments sometimes use tariffs as a policy tool to pressure trading partners to change trade practices that are perceived as unfair.
October 21, 2025
high
policy
Describes a common trade policy approach for addressing perceived unfair practices.
Governments can transfer unobligated or unused funds from other budget accounts, such as research appropriations, to cover payroll obligations during funding gaps or shutdowns.
October 16, 2025
high
financial
Budgetary maneuver used to ensure payroll continuity when regular appropriations are unavailable.
Because rare earth elements have both civilian and military applications, governments commonly treat them as dual-use materials and may impose export controls or require export licenses.
October 12, 2025
high
general
Rationale for government export controls on strategic minerals.
Governments commonly justify immigration crackdowns by framing them as measures to safeguard public safety and national security.
October 08, 2025
high
general
Typical governmental rationale communicated in policy debates over immigration enforcement.
When governments and trading partners fail to reach a trade agreement, higher tariffs can be imposed on exports destined for the partner country.
September 23, 2025
high
general
Mechanism linking trade negotiation outcomes to tariff policy
Governments may deploy large-scale financial relief programs, including multi-billion-dollar packages, to compensate agricultural producers for income losses stemming from trade disruptions.
high
policy
General policy mechanism used to mitigate income losses in agriculture due to trade shocks.
Governments deploy tariffs and export controls as policy tools to influence trade relations and protect national security by restricting exports or raising import costs for critical materials.
high
general
Tariffs and export controls are commonly used levers in international trade disputes and strategic supply-chain decisions.
Tariff policy can be designed to incentivize domestic vehicle manufacturing by imposing duties on imported vehicles and parts while offering credits to manufacturers that import parts for use in domestic assembly, with credit amounts tied to the proportion of parts imported.
high
policy_mechanism
Governments use tariffs and targeted credit mechanisms to influence sourcing and encourage domestic production.
Governments sometimes authorize envoys or unofficial intermediaries to engage directly with groups designated as terrorist organizations, which departs from standard diplomatic protocol.
high
strategic
Used as a negotiation approach when traditional diplomatic channels are constrained or stalled.
Governments sometimes use tariffs as leverage to encourage foreign investment or to obtain concessions from trading partners.
high
policy
Tariffs are a trade policy tool that can be deployed to influence the economic behavior of other countries.
Repatriation agreements between governments can enable the resumption of deportation flights to return nationals to their home countries.
high
migration
Explains how bilateral or multilateral diplomatic arrangements can facilitate deportation logistics.
Tariffs and retaliatory tariffs are common tools in international trade policy that governments use to exert economic pressure or respond to trade measures taken by other countries.
high
general
Tariffs and counter-tariffs are frequently deployed during trade disputes and negotiations between countries.
Governments or treasuries can intervene in foreign-exchange markets by purchasing a country's currency in the open market to attempt to support that currency's exchange rate.
high
temporal
Describes a standard market intervention technique used to influence exchange rates.
Tariffs are a policy tool used by governments to tax imports in order to boost domestic manufacturing or to seek more favorable trade terms.
high
descriptive
Tariffs are commonly used as part of trade and industrial policy.
Governments can use licensing systems and export controls for rare earth minerals as instruments of trade policy and may expand those systems in response to foreign trade restrictions.
high
temporal
Licensing regimes for strategic minerals are a policy tool available to states during trade disputes.
Tariffs, sanctions, and export controls are commonly used by governments as retaliatory measures in trade disputes.
high
general
Trade disputes frequently involve a mix of tariffs, targeted sanctions, and limits on exports of strategic goods or technologies.
Tariffs are a policy tool that governments use as economic leverage in international trade negotiations and to create incentives for domestic production and investment.
high
economic
General economic rationale for imposing tariffs.
Tariffs are trade policy tools that governments can use to exert economic leverage, influence trade negotiations, or pursue national security objectives.
high
policy
Summarizes common uses and rationales for imposing tariffs in international trade policy.
Tariffs are used by governments as a policy tool for economic leverage and can be justified on national security grounds.
high
policy
Common rationales governments cite when imposing tariffs
When a government pursues multiple parallel diplomatic tracks, it can create uncertainty about how those tracks relate to one another and whether interlocutors speak with full authority on behalf of their governments.
high
process
A general observation about diplomatic practice and coherence in foreign policy execution.