Australia

Under the AUKUS framework, the United States agreed to provide Australia up to five Virginia-class nuclear-powered submarines, with deliveries slated to begin as soon as 2032.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) routinely holds defense minister-level dialogues with external partners, including the United States, China, Japan, India, Australia, South Korea, and Russia.

The trilateral security partnership AUKUS — involving Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States — includes cooperation on delivering nuclear-powered submarines to Australia, and public descriptions of that arrangement did not indicate a direct transfer of U.S. nuclear-submarine design knowledge to Australia.

As of 2025, Australia has abundant rare-earth resources and a well-developed mining sector with refining capacity.

Australia has abundant critical minerals and rare-earth resources that are inputs to defense and consumer technologies, including fighter jets, electric vehicles, laptops, and smartphones.

AUKUS is a trilateral security agreement between the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom that includes cooperation to enhance Australia's submarine force, under which the United States agreed to sell up to five Virginia-class nuclear-powered submarines to Australia with deliveries scheduled as soon as 2032 and the United Kingdom and Australia to collaborate on building additional attack submarines.

Aukus is a three-way defense pact between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States intended to enhance deterrence in the Indo-Pacific.

Under the Aukus arrangement, Australia plans to acquire up to five U.S. Virginia-class nuclear-powered attack submarines beginning in the early 2030s as an interim measure until a new generation of nuclear-powered submarines is developed by the alliance.

The plan to provide nuclear-powered submarines to Australia has been described as a roughly $240 billion program.

A 2024 CSIRO survey of 6,448 respondents found that 61% of respondents said mining had negative environmental impacts and that nearly one-third of respondents said Australia should reduce its mining activity even if that reduces supplies of minerals needed for green energy technologies.

Australia operates approximately 350 mines and is the world's largest producer of hard-rock lithium and of zirconium, the latter used to make heat-resistant alloys.

AUKUS is a trilateral security partnership between the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom that includes cooperation on supplying Australia with nuclear-powered submarines.

Brazil is the United States' third-largest foreign supplier of meat, behind Australia and Canada.

La Niña is commonly associated with heavier-than-normal rains in Indonesia, the Philippines, parts of Australia, Central America, northern South America, and southeastern Africa, and with drought conditions in the Middle East, eastern Argentina, eastern China, Korea, and southern Japan.

Australia is estimated to hold at least 5% of the world's rare earth reserves and to account for roughly 8% of global rare earth production.

Xenotime is a rare-earth-bearing mineral that can be found in Australia.

Many prospective international graduate students choose programs in countries such as Australia, China, the United Kingdom, and Germany instead of U.S. universities.