U.S. deportation and removal activity is commonly measured using U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) 'removals' and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) 'returns' as distinct enforcement metrics.
January 01, 2024
high
temporal
Removals generally refer to formal deportations managed by ICE, while returns typically refer to expedited returns at the border processed by CBP.
A 1992 follow-up of the Minnesota Transracial Adoption Study found no significant differences between transracial adoptees and the adoptive parents' biological offspring in the change in IQ scores from childhood (Time 1) to adolescence (Time 2).
January 01, 1992
high
temporal
Longitudinal comparison of IQ change between transracial adoptees and biological offspring approximately ten years after initial testing.