Judicial conduct rules generally require judges to maintain order and decorum in the courtroom and to act in ways that promote public confidence in the integrity of the judiciary.
November 22, 2025
high
normative
Principles commonly reflected in codes of judicial conduct and disciplinary standards.
State judicial disciplinary bodies, such as commissions on retirement, removal and discipline, have authority to investigate judges and to determine whether a judge's behavior violates rules of conduct.
November 22, 2025
high
procedural
State-level oversight mechanisms can review and assess allegations of judicial misconduct.
Disciplinary outcomes available for judges commonly include remedies such as reprimands, monetary fines, orders for leave or suspension, negotiated resignation agreements, and referrals for further proceedings.
November 22, 2025
high
procedural
Range of sanctions and resolutions used in judicial discipline systems.