Domestic political scandals or uncertainty can change a national leader's incentives in international negotiations, sometimes making the leader more willing to offer concessions to secure external support and sometimes making the leader less willing to appear to concede sovereignty or 'sell out' to domestic audiences.
November 19, 2025
high
general
Generalizable effect of domestic politics on foreign-policy decision-making.
National leaders commonly seek to shape the wording of ceasefire or peace proposalsâsuch as provisions on pathways to statehood, phased military withdrawals, and disarmament commitmentsâto increase domestic political acceptability.
October 05, 2025
high
contextual
Describes a recurring political strategy in negotiating and presenting peace or ceasefire plans.
Official visits between national leaders are often used as signals that countries are attempting to ease or reset bilateral trade tensions.
September 23, 2025
medium
general
Diplomatic signaling in the context of trade relations
Public diplomatic apologies between national leaders can reduce mistrust among parties and create negotiating leverage in international talks.
medium
process
Describes a general diplomatic dynamic where apologies can improve relations and facilitate progress in negotiations.