Iran

Hezbollah is an Iran-backed militant group based in Lebanon.

Proposed legislation can authorize the Department of Defense (the Pentagon) to revoke security clearances of former defense officials who lobby on behalf of companies substantially owned or controlled by designated adversary governments.

Proposed legislation can impose lifetime bans on Senate-confirmed federal officials from lobbying on behalf of designated adversary governments such as China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea.

Proposed reforms to the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) can eliminate the 'commercial' exemption and the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) exemptions for entities tied to countries of concern, thereby requiring entities representing or advocating for companies substantially owned or controlled by adversary governments to register publicly as foreign agents.

An Israel Defense Forces officer stated on 2025-11-06 that Hezbollah remained armed, trained, and financed by Iran.

Masih Alinejad launched the 'My Stealthy Freedom' campaign to encourage Iranian women to expose their hair as a form of protest against Iran's mandatory public head-covering rules.

The government of Iran has consistently asserted that its nuclear program is intended for peaceful purposes.

Hamas in Gaza and Hezbollah in Lebanon are widely described as proxies of Iran.

The name "Operation Midnight Hammer" has been used to refer to strikes targeting Iranian nuclear sites.

A 2025 Costs of War project report estimated U.S. spending on security aid and operations in the broader Middle East between 2023-10-07 and 2025-10-07 at between $9.65 billion and $12 billion, including an estimated $2.0 billion to $2.25 billion for attacks in Iran and associated costs in June 2025.

The International Atomic Energy Agency reported in 2025 that Iran maintained a stockpile of 440.9 kilograms of uranium enriched up to 60% U-235 purity.

Behnam Ben Taleblu, a senior fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, stated that before June 2025 Iran's missile program was the largest in the Middle East.

In 2025, the United States' official position was that Iran must give up all nuclear enrichment capacity.

In 2025, Iran stated that it would continue uranium enrichment for civilian purposes.

Houthi rebel forces have used Iranian-made advanced conventional weaponry, including ballistic missile components, anti-ship cruise missile components, and warheads, in attacks against merchant and U.S. military ships in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden after the October 7, 2023 Hamas attack on Israel.

Arms smuggling operations have employed nighttime ship-to-ship transfers off the coast of Somalia to move cargo from Iran to other vessels for transport to recipients such as armed groups in Yemen.

British security services stated that they disrupted 20 Iran-linked plots since 2022.

After the United States withdrew from the 2015 nuclear deal in 2018, Iran carried out uranium enrichment up to about 60% purity.

John Bolton supported U.S. withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal and advocated for regime change in Iran during the Trump administration period (2018–2019).

In March 2017, U.S. District Judge Theodore D. Chuang issued a nationwide injunction blocking President Donald Trump's revised "travel ban," the March 2017 executive order that suspended travel for 90 days from six majority-Muslim countries (Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen) and paused the entry of asylum seekers for 120 days.

The International Atomic Energy Agency and several Western governments have stated that Iran had an organized atomic bomb program until 2003.

Iran has provided funding and arms to proxy groups such as Hamas, Hezbollah, and the Houthis as a means of extending influence and conducting proxy warfare.

Hezbollah is an Iran-backed organization that receives funding and training from Iran.

Hezbollah is an Iran-backed non-state armed group based in Lebanon that maintains a military capability, including rockets, which it has used to fire into northern Israel.

The Iranian government provides financial support to proxy groups in the Middle East, including the Lebanon-based group Hezbollah.

Western countries have used economic sanctions as a policy tool to pressure Iran over concerns about its nuclear program and related activities.

Under the safeguards agreement between Iran and the International Atomic Energy Agency, Iran is obliged to produce a special report detailing the location and status of its nuclear material, including highly enriched uranium, following events such as attacks or earthquakes.

Iran has periodically threatened to close the Strait of Hormuz as a means of exerting leverage in regional disputes.

Iran is governed as a Shiite theocracy.

In Iran, enforcement of mandatory hijab laws and increases in the price of government-subsidized gasoline have previously sparked nationwide protests.

Iran has periodically seized commercial tankers in the Strait of Hormuz.

Some analysts characterize Venezuela as a strategic foothold used by Iran to project military, intelligence, and criminal influence into Latin America.

State and non-state actors linked to Iran and Hezbollah have been reported to exploit governance weaknesses in Venezuela to facilitate illicit activities such as drug trafficking and operations beyond Venezuela's borders.

Hezbollah is an Iran-backed Lebanese militant and political organization.