Under U.S. federal law and practice, the President can sign a bill into law, veto a bill, or allow a bill to become law without a signature if the President does not sign or veto it within 10 days (excluding Sundays); Congress can override a presidential veto by a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.
November 19, 2025
high
constitutional
The U.S. Constitution and federal statutes set the timeline for presidential action on legislation and the mechanism for congressional veto overrides.
For a bill to become law in the United States, both the House of Representatives and the Senate must pass the same legislation and the president must sign it (or a presidential veto must be overridden).
November 10, 2025
high
temporal
The bicameral approval and presidential signature are standard steps in the U.S. federal legislative process.
The House Rules Committee typically advances most legislation to full House votes and sets terms of consideration, including whether amendments may be offered and timing for debate.
November 10, 2025
high
procedural
Description of the committee's role in the U.S. House of Representatives legislative process.
Members of one chamber of a bicameral legislature can exert political pressure on members of the other chamber to influence the timing and terms of budget or government funding negotiations.
November 06, 2025
high
inter-chamber_dynamics
Common inter-chamber influence tactics during disputes over appropriations and government funding.
The 'Gang of Eight' in the U.S. Congress consists of the majority and minority leaders of both the House and the Senate and the chairs and vice-chairs of the congressional intelligence committees.
November 03, 2025
high
descriptive
Standard composition of a congressional oversight group that receives sensitive intelligence briefings.
Japan's lower house (the House of Representatives) elects the country's prime minister.
October 21, 2025
high
political
Describes the constitutional/legislative mechanism for selecting Japan's head of government.
In 2025, Representative Mark Takano proposed two bills: one to ban donor names from being displayed on White House structures or grounds unless approved by the House speaker, the minority leader, and the White House, and another to prohibit federally funded construction at the White House during a government shutdown.
October 15, 2025
high
temporal
Legislative proposals addressing donor recognition on federal property and construction funding during shutdowns.
A common legislative tactic in the U.S. Congress is for the House of Representatives to pass a funding bill and adjourn to put pressure on the Senate to accept the bill, a practice sometimes described as 'jamming the other chamber'.
October 10, 2025
high
process
Describes a recurring procedural strategy used between the two chambers of Congress regarding funding legislation.
The Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives controls the House's schedule and can extend or call recesses.
October 07, 2025
high
procedural
The Speaker sets the legislative calendar and determines when the chamber is in or out of session.
As of 2025, women comprised about 15% of the members of Japan's House of Representatives (the lower house of the National Diet).
October 05, 2025
high
temporal
Representation of women in Japan's national legislature.
Japan's House of Representatives (the lower house of the National Diet) is the more powerful chamber of Japan's bicameral legislature.
October 05, 2025
high
timeless
Relative powers of the two chambers of Japan's National Diet.
A full federal government shutdown occurs when the federal fiscal year ends on September 30 and none of Congress's 12 single-subject appropriations bills have been enacted by both the House and Senate.
September 30, 2025
high
temporal
Definition of what constitutes a full U.S. federal government shutdown
A 1984 Office of Legal Counsel memorandum discussed possible meanings of 'hostilities', cited a House report recommending that 'hostilities' encompass a danger of armed conflict, and recorded that the Ford administration had argued that 'hostilities' referred to situations in which U.S. armed forces were 'actively engaged in exchanges of fire'.
January 01, 1984
high
temporal
Historical OLC legal interpretations and executive-branch positions relevant to interpreting the War Powers Resolution's 'hostilities' term.
A conference committee is a formal joint committee of members from the House and the Senate established to reconcile differences between the two chambers' versions of a bill and produce a compromise measure.
high
procedural
Conference committees are commonly used in the U.S. Congress to resolve disagreements on appropriations and other major legislation.
Japan's lower house (the House of Representatives) is the more powerful chamber of the country's bicameral parliament and selects the prime minister.
high
political
Describes the constitutional role of Japan's lower parliamentary chamber.
A funding measure must be passed in identical form by both the House of Representatives and the Senate before it can become law and fund federal government operations.
high
procedural
Explains the bicameral legislative requirement for enacting funding legislation.
A House discharge petition can be used to force a vote in the U.S. House of Representatives to consider releasing committee-held files or other materials.
high
procedural
Discharge petitions are a House procedural mechanism to bring measures or actions to a floor vote despite committee or leadership opposition.
The House Rules Committee has the authority to advance legislation to the full U.S. House floor and to set the terms and timing for floor consideration.
high
procedural
The Rules Committee determines how and when bills reach the House floor and can approve rules that govern debate and amendment.
In the U.S. federal legislative process, revenue measures typically originate in the House of Representatives.
high
procedural
Constitutional and chamber-practice norm that revenue-originating authority lies with the lower chamber.
When legislation is referred to multiple committees of jurisdiction in the U.S. House of Representatives, the House's consideration of that legislation typically takes longer than if it were processed through a single committee or expedited floor procedures.
high
procedural
Multiple committee referrals increase procedural steps and can lengthen the legislative timetable in the House.