countries

As of 2025, countries' existing policies are projected to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 12% by 2035.

Countries that consider contributing troops to multinational stabilization operations often require that the operation have a broad security mandate before committing forces.

Multinational civilian-and-military stabilization efforts can include participation by multiple countries and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

Countries may attach conditions to foreign investment commitments that require the investment benefits to accrue to the investing country's domestic companies.

Export controls on rare earth minerals can be used as an instrument of trade policy and economic leverage by countries.

When formal diplomatic or leader-to-leader negotiations are stalled, countries may deploy delegations of business leaders as an alternative channel to pursue trade or tariff outcomes.

The practice of shark finning is prohibited in many countries but persists in some areas due to weak enforcement and high profit incentives in the shark fin trade.

Shark finning is banned in many countries but continues in some regions due to weak enforcement and high financial incentives for traffickers.