U.S.–Europe Security Relations

European allies have privately told U.S. diplomats that Russia is materially bolstering Iran’s warfighting — from sharing Shahed‑drone know‑how to providing signals and electronic intelligence that some officials say is being used against U.S. targets — and Ukraine’s president and EU diplomats say the cooperation appears to be escalating demand for missile interceptors. Some U.S. officials have downplayed the operational impact, saying the cooperation has not yet impeded U.S. operations and is being addressed, even as Gulf states move closer to Washington (Saudi access to Taif, the UAE severing ties and cracking down on Iranian networks, Bahrain pushing U.N. condemnation, and Qatar expelling Iranian attachés while keeping a mediator role).