Labor Boards

In a 2–1 decision on Dec. 5, 2025, the D.C. Circuit ruled President Trump lawfully removed Democratic members Cathy Harris (Merit Systems Protection Board) and Gwynne Wilcox (National Labor Relations Board), holding both agencies wield significant executive power despite statutes permitting removal only for cause. The majority opinion by Judge Gregory Katsas contrasted with a dissent from Judge Florence Pan warning of politicization; the ruling follows a May Supreme Court stay and comes days before the Court hears a related case on presidential removal limits.