Global Energy and Water Security

Nearly two weeks into the Iran war, missiles and drones from Iran and U.S. operations have begun damaging desalination facilities around the Persian Gulf, threatening the main source of drinking water for millions in Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. This Christian Science Monitor report details an Iranian drone strike on a Bahraini desal plant, Iranian claims that U.S. forces hit a desal facility on Iran’s Qeshm Island, and missile‑interception debris that damaged a Kuwaiti desal plant, illustrating how all sides are now willing to risk critical water infrastructure. Experts interviewed note there are roughly 400 desalination plants along Gulf coasts producing about 100 million cubic meters (26.4 billion gallons) of water per day, with desalination providing virtually all of Qatar’s drinking water and very high shares in other Gulf states, and emphasize that these plants are tightly coupled to power generation and oil and gas production. The piece situates these incidents in a broader pattern of “weaponizing water,” from Houthi targeting of Saudi desal facilities to Israel’s shutdown of water to Gaza and Iraq’s destruction of Kuwait’s water processing in 1991, warning that similar tactics in the current war could compound energy and food shocks already rippling through global markets. For the U.S., the emerging water‑infrastructure front adds another layer of risk to regional stability and to oil‑ and gas‑driven price pressures that are being closely watched by policymakers and consumers.