Coffee and Caffeine

Researchers at King’s College London report in BMJ Mental Health that among 436 adults with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or psychotic depression, drinking up to four cups of coffee daily was associated with longer telomeres—markers of cellular aging—equating to about five years younger biological age versus non‑drinkers. The observational study, published in late November 2025, found benefits peaked at three to four cups and reversed above four cups, aligning with FDA guidance of roughly 400 mg/day caffeine.