Climate Change

NOAA released its 2025 Arctic Report Card on Dec. 16, finding the Arctic experienced its warmest and wettest year on record and documenting a growing 'rusting rivers' phenomenon across Alaska’s Brooks Range caused by thawing permafrost releasing iron and other metals. Lead editor Matthew Druckenmiller (NSIDC) said Arctic warming influences global sea level, weather and fisheries, while acting NOAA Chief Scientist Steve Thur said the findings underscore the value of sustained observations.