Bill would tighten Minnesota school threat reporting
Parents and survivors of the Annunciation Church mass shooting in Minneapolis are backing a new Minnesota bill that would force school districts to actively promote an anonymous threat-reporting app or create equivalent programs, arguing early tips are one of the few safety measures lawmakers will currently entertain. Testifying at the Capitol, Sandy Hook mother Nicole Hockley pushed her group's 'Say Something' system, claiming it has helped avert more than 300 weapon-related attacks and over 1,200 youth suicides, and citing research that roughly three-quarters of mass shooters show warning signs beforehand. Minnesota already participates in the 'See It, Say It, Send It' app, with the BCA analyzing tips, but metro school officials say the current setup doesn't reliably get information to school-based teams quickly enough to assess and intervene. The bill, which so far carries no dedicated funding, is drawing criticism from district leaders who say it lacks clear standards for how threats are evaluated and how schools and law enforcement must coordinate, raising fears of another unfunded mandate dropped on already stretched Twin Cities districts. For metro families, the fight now is less about headline-grabbing gun bans, which are stalled, and more about whether the state will build a threat-reporting system that actually works in real time instead of just checking a box.
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📊 Relevant Data
From 1966 to 2026, Minnesota has experienced 48 K-12 school shootings, ranking it among states with moderate incidence compared to higher numbers in states like Illinois (152) and Ohio (143). 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Number of K-12 school shootings by state in the U.S. 2026 — Statista
In mass shootings in the US from 1982 to 2026, approximately 55% of shooters were White, 17% Black, and 8% Latino, which broadly reflects the US population demographics where Whites make up about 60%, Blacks 13%, and Latinos 19%. 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([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race)) ([Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/476456/mass-shootings-in-the-us-by-shooter-s-race))
Mass shootings by shooter's race in the U.S. 2026 — Statista
School shooters often exhibit recurrent risk factors including adverse childhood experiences, emotional distress, bullying, and exposure to violence, with many having a history of mental health issues. ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454)) ([PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833454))
Sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of school shooters: a systematic review — PMC
The Say Something Anonymous Reporting System has been shown to improve students' self-efficacy and intention to report threats, as well as perceptions of school safety, based on a study of its implementation in schools. ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858)) ([Taylor & Francis Online](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15388220.2022.2105858))
The Effectiveness of the Say-Something Anonymous Reporting System in Preventing School Violence: A Controlled Longitudinal Evaluation — Taylor & Francis Online
Availability of guns, bullying, and mental health issues are directly linked to school shootings in the US, as established in a case study of student-perpetrated attacks from 2016 onward. ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks)) ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382329202_Exploring_High-Risk_Causal_Factors_for_School_Shootings_in_the_United_States_A_Case_Study_of_Student-_Perpetrated_School_Attacks))
Exploring High-Risk Causal Factors for School Shootings in the United States: A Case Study of Student-Perpetrated School Attacks — ResearchGate
📌 Key Facts
- A new Minnesota bill would require school districts to promote the statewide 'See It, Say It, Send It' threat‑reporting app or develop similar anonymous reporting programs.
- Sandy Hook Promise co‑founder Nicole Hockley told lawmakers her 'Say Something' system has allegedly prevented over 1,200 youth suicides and more than 300 weapon‑related attacks.
- The BCA currently receives and analyzes threat tips from the existing app, but metro school leaders say reports often don’t reach school professionals fast enough to assess risk and intervene.
- The bill contains no explicit funding and, according to the Association of Metropolitan School Districts, lacks clear standards for threat evaluation and school‑law‑enforcement coordination.
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