Discoveries about peripheral immune tolerance have launched a field of research that has spurred the development of medical treatments targeting cancer and autoimmune diseases and has potential to improve transplantation outcomes.
October 06, 2025
high
implication
Research on peripheral immune tolerance underpins therapeutic strategies for modulating immune responses in disease and transplantation.
By 2025, clinical xenotransplants of gene‑edited pig hearts, lungs, and livers into humans had been performed, but none of those transplanted organs had survived for more than a few months.
May 29, 2025
high
temporal
Summarizes clinical outcomes reported up to 2025 for non-kidney pig-to-human organ transplants.
For ethical reasons, xenotransplantation research has moved away from using chimpanzees and has instead focused on pigs, whose organs are comparable in size to human organs.
May 29, 2025
high
temporal
Explains a durable shift in animal models used for xenotransplantation research.