Silos that store grain and feed are among the most deadly confined spaces on farms, with hazards that include gases produced by fermenting fodder such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide.
October 30, 2025
high
general
Expert assessment of common confined-space hazards on farms
Handling and storage of animal manure are a leading category of deadly hazards on farms because decomposing manure releases gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide that can displace available oxygen.
October 30, 2025
high
general
Description of gas hazards associated with manure decomposition
Confined spaces on farms and dairies pose persistent risks of fatality in U.S. agriculture due to exposure to odorless or colorless toxic gases and to asphyxiation when oxygen is depleted in closed spaces.
October 30, 2025
high
general
General statement about causes of confined-space deaths in agriculture
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) states that exposure to very high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas can quickly lead to death.
October 30, 2025
high
health_safety
OSHA guidance on the acute toxicity of hydrogen sulfide in occupational settings.
OSHA warns that people who become unconscious from hydrogen sulfide exposure and survive can suffer long-term health effects such as headaches and impaired attention span.
October 30, 2025
high
health_safety
OSHA information on potential chronic or persistent effects following acute hydrogen sulfide exposure.