A 2004 analysis of 30 studies covering 1966â2003 concluded that initiating hormone replacement therapy earlier could reduce mortality.
January 01, 2004
high
temporal
Meta-analysis synthesizing multiple studies on timing of hormone replacement therapy initiation.
The 2002 Women's Health Initiative study found that menopausal hormone therapy was associated with increased risks of cancer and stroke.
January 01, 2002
high
temporal
Large long-term study that influenced safety perceptions of menopausal hormone therapy.
Studies published between 1980 and 1996 reported that hormone therapies were associated with reduced risks of Alzheimer's disease, heart attack, and hip fracture.
January 01, 1996
high
temporal
Multiple studies across 1980â1996 examining outcomes associated with hormone therapy.
Low-dose vaginal estrogen products are considered distinct from systemic estrogen therapies, with systemic therapies delivering hormone throughout the body via formulations such as oral pills and transdermal patches.
high
definitional
Clinical distinction used when evaluating localized versus systemic menopausal estrogen treatments.