Prenatal exposure to alcohol and other substances can cause Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), a condition associated with brain damage and long-term deficits in behavior and cognitive function.
November 11, 2025
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medical
General medical information about prenatal substance exposure and FASD.
Reported Tennessee execution protocol outlines that after syringes containing saline and pentobarbital are administered a team leader signals the warden, a five-minute waiting period begins, then blinds are closed and cameras turned off before a medical professional determines death and the warden announces that the sentence was carried out.
October 29, 2025
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procedural
Step-by-step elements of the execution protocol as described in reporting.
As of 2025, shaken baby syndrome has been subject to scrutiny, with some lawyers and medical experts arguing the diagnosis has led to wrongful convictions while prosecutors and medical societies continue to maintain that the diagnosis remains valid.
October 09, 2025
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controversy
Summarizes ongoing debate about the reliability and legal implications of the shaken baby syndrome diagnosis.
Shaken baby syndrome is a diagnosis for a serious brain injury in young children caused by violent shaking or other traumatic impacts to the head, such as being slammed against a wall or thrown onto a hard surface.
October 09, 2025
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descriptive
General medical definition of the diagnosis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a medical condition commonly abbreviated as GERD and associated with reflux of stomach acid that can cause stomach-related symptoms.
October 07, 2025
high
temporal
General medical definition and common abbreviation.
Medical understanding of 'shaken baby syndrome' has evolved, with courts and medical experts raising questions about whether shaking alone can produce the types of internal bleeding commonly attributed to the diagnosis.
January 01, 2023
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medical
Emerging scientific and legal scrutiny of the causal link between shaking and certain internal injuries historically used to diagnose shaken baby syndrome.
Shaken baby syndrome describes a serious brain injury in children caused by forceful shaking or other violent impacts to the head, such as being slammed against a wall or thrown onto a floor.
high
definition
Medical/forensic definition commonly cited in criminal investigations of child abuse.
There is ongoing controversy in medical and legal communities about shaken baby syndrome: some lawyers and medical experts contend that the diagnosis has resulted in wrongful convictions, while prosecutors and medical societies maintain that the diagnosis is valid.
high
controversy
Summarizes conflicting perspectives about the diagnostic validity and legal implications of shaken baby syndrome.
Pentobarbital is a powerful sedative that is used in lethal injection protocols for executions.
high
medical
Describes a drug commonly used in execution protocols and associated concerns about its handling and availability.
Renal neoplasm is a medical term for kidney cancer.
high
definition
Terminology clarification equating a medical term with its common name.