Toll records are historical telecommunications routing records that identify incoming and outgoing phone numbers, the time of calls, and call durations, and do not include the content of those calls.
November 12, 2025
high
telecommunications
Distinguishes the informational scope of telephony billing/metadata records from content-based surveillance.
Wiretapping is a form of surveillance that intercepts telecommunications in real time and can capture the content of communications, which is distinct from historical toll records that do not include content.
November 12, 2025
high
telecommunications
Explains the technical and legal distinction between real-time interception (wiretapping) and post-hoc metadata collection (toll records).
The National Time Service Center of China is responsible for generating and distributing China's standard time and provides timing services to industries including communications, finance, power, transport, and defense.
October 19, 2025
high
descriptive
Defines the institutional role and sectoral dependencies on national time services.
Law enforcement agencies can perform toll analysis on telephone billing/toll records to identify which phone numbers were called and the locations where calls originated and were received.
October 09, 2025
high
technical
Toll analysis is an investigative technique applied to phone billing or call detail records to extract calling numbers and approximate call locations.
The U.S. Navy Report of the Search for Amelia Earhart (1937) documents that the search operation began after Earhart’s last transmission and spanned 16 days from July 2, 1937 to July 18, 1937.
July 18, 1937
high
temporal
Duration of the official U.S. Navy search operation as recorded in the 1937 Navy report.