U.S. Department of Transportation data in 2025 indicate that women are 73% more likely to be injured in a head-on crash and 17% more likely to be killed in a car crash than men.
November 21, 2025
high
statistical
Comparative injury and fatality risk by sex in vehicle crashes as reported in 2025.
The THOR-5F female crash test dummy design incorporates anatomical differences from male dummies in the neck, collarbone, pelvis, and legs, and is fitted with more than 150 sensors.
November 21, 2025
high
design
Technical characteristics of a modern female crash test dummy model (THOR-5F).
The standard crash test dummy used in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) five-star vehicle testing program was developed in 1978 and was modeled after a 5-foot-9 (175 cm), 171-pound (78 kg) male.
January 01, 1978
high
historical
Baseline anthropometry for legacy crash test dummies used in U.S. vehicle safety testing.