By 2025, Russia used a 'shadow fleet' of tankers and willing international partners to maneuver around energy-related sanctions.
October 24, 2025
high
temporal
Describes methods used to evade sanctions on oil and gas exports.
So-called shadow fleets that transport oil to evade price caps commonly consist of older or poorly maintained vessels that employ evasive tactics, use opaque or questionable registrations, and often lack insurance.
October 01, 2023
high
descriptive
Characterizes operational and regulatory features of vessels used to bypass restrictions on oil shipments.