The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is an executive-branch office that is involved in federal budget and workforce decisions and can announce or implement federal personnel actions.
high
process
OMB's role encompasses oversight of federal budget priorities and related workforce actions.
During a lapse in appropriations, federal employees can be furloughed or receive layoff notices, and agencies together with the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) can designate which employees are exempt from furlough and continue to be paid.
high
temporal
Typical personnel and pay outcomes when appropriations lapse.
Executive-branch actions to reallocate or prioritize available funds during a funding lapse (for example to continue some programs while suspending others) can be subject to legal challenges asserting those reallocations are unlawful.
high
temporal
Legal risks associated with executive reprogramming or prioritization of funds during shutdowns.