Collective bargaining agreements between employers and labor unions can require management to complete specified procedural steps before terminating an employee.
November 12, 2025
medium
descriptive
Procedural protections commonly included in union contracts and cited by union representatives in disputes over discipline or termination.
Proposals for cap-and-trade or carbon-pricing measures commonly attract support from environmental advocacy organizations and renewable and nuclear energy producers, while frequently drawing opposition from fossil-fuel industry stakeholders and labor unions representing workers in fossil-fuel sectors.
November 12, 2025
high
background
Summarizes typical stakeholder positions on carbon-pricing proposals.
Labor unions are not monolithic political supporters and can publicly break with or pressure traditional party allies to accept legislation that unions say protects workers' pay and public services.
October 31, 2025
high
general
Describes a durable pattern in labor–party relations where unions may shift or withhold support based on policy outcomes.
Labor unions can pursue judicial injunctions to halt federal workforce layoffs during government shutdowns by arguing that such layoffs are unlawful or constitute politically driven reductions in force.
October 16, 2025
high
legal
Legal recourse available to unions representing federal employees facing layoffs during funding gaps.
Labor unions representing federal employees may sue the government over alleged unlawful threats or actions to use federal employees as leverage during budget or funding negotiations.
October 05, 2025
high
litigation
Unions can pursue legal remedies when they allege that executive actions during funding disputes unlawfully target federal workers.
Labor unions can litigate against federal agency personnel actions by seeking court remedies, including temporary restraining orders, on grounds that the actions are unlawful or exceed agency authority.
October 01, 2025
high
legal
Unions may challenge workforce reductions or furloughs through the courts to prevent or reverse agency actions.
Labor unions can file lawsuits to challenge layoffs or reduction-in-force actions taken by federal agencies during a government shutdown.
high
temporal
Describes a legal recourse that unions may use in response to workforce actions during shutdowns.
Threats of adverse immigration enforcement or visa revocation can chill speech and civic participation among visa holders and green card holders, causing some to withdraw from public affiliation with organizations, step down from leadership roles, and delete or alter social media engagement.
high
policy
Describes general effects of immigration-related enforcement threats on noncitizen expressive and organizational activities.
Labor strikes are commonly initiated over alleged unfair labor practice charges, disputes about employer-provided health care benefits, and employers' revocation or refusal to recognize a union contract.
high
process
Typical underlying causes that can lead to labor strikes.
Unions sometimes seek court orders in labor disputes to require employers to restore work duties or reinstate contractual rights, and appellate courts can issue such orders.
high
legal
Judicial remedies available in labor-management conflicts.