immigration judges

In the United States, immigration courts are administered by the Department of Justice and immigration judges do not have lifetime tenure like Article III federal judges; the attorney general can remove immigration judges with fewer legal restraints.

In U.S. immigration procedure, immigration officers assess whether a noncitizen would face persecution or torture if removed to a third country, and immigration judges may review such removal-related determinations.

An immigration judge can grant protection from deportation that allows an individual to live and work in the United States under Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) supervision without granting lawful permanent resident status.

Immigration judges evaluate applications for discretionary relief by considering the totality of an individual's circumstances, which can include evidence of rehabilitation and conduct while incarcerated.

Immigration judges are the only officials who can revoke a lawful permanent resident's green card or issue a final order of removal for noncitizens who have been in the United States more than two years and are subject to deportation.

An immigration judge can order that an individual be deported, and such deportation orders can be placed under review by an administrative appeal board.