U.S.-made air defense systems are used by European countries to help defend Ukraine from missile and drone attacks.
October 23, 2025
high
structural
Air defense procurement and deployment to protect against aerial attacks in Ukraine.
NATO coordinates deliveries of weapons to Ukraine, with many weapons purchased from the United States by Canada and European countries.
high
descriptive
Multilateral coordination of arms transfers during the Russia–Ukraine conflict
Variation in railway gauges across European countries can impede cross-border rail transport of heavy military equipment such as armored vehicles.
high
structural
Rail-gauge incompatibility reduces interoperability of rail networks for moving heavy military assets.