Entity: espionage
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espionage

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Criminal penalties for conduct that encourages disloyalty or insubordination in the armed forces can include forfeiture of pay, confinement, or dismissal from service, and recalls of retirees to active duty for disciplinary action are rare and typically reserved for allegations of serious criminal conduct such as espionage, sexual assault, or fraud.
November 24, 2025 high temporal
Typical forms of punishment and the scarcity of recalling retirees for discipline in military practice.